Although the rio Capivari basin is recognized as an area of great importance for the ichthyofauna, it lacks virtually every basic requirement for the definition of appropriate conservation strategies, since not even its species composition is known. The objective of this work is to determine the composition and distribution of fish species in the upper rio Capivari basin, relating them to the local physical features, and to evaluate the effectiveness of proposed conservations units, delimited based on areas of native vegetation remains, on the conservation of local ichthyofauna. During 2007, 50 different watercourses were sampled with gillnets, cast nets and kick nets. A total of 1308 individuals belonging to 41 species were captured. Degree of conservation, altitude and width were the parameters that best explained fish species richness. Considering the recently proposed boundaries for potential conservation units in the region only 15 or 20 out of 41 species would be found in the State Park and Environmental Protection Area respectively. In practice, the proposed conservation units would not be effective tools for fish conservation, since it would be located in mountainous areas of high altitude, of headwaters streams and where few species are found. In such context, the conservation of specific stretches of larger rivers is critical.Embora o alto rio Capivari seja reconhecido como área de grande importância para a fauna de peixes, faltam praticamente todos os requisitos básicos para a definição de estratégias de conservação adequadas, já que nem mesmo sua composição em espécies é conhecida. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo geral determinar a composição e distribuição das espécies de peixes do alto rio Capivari e relacioná-las com as características físicas locais. Adicionalmente, avaliou-se a efetividade da implantação de unidades de conservação, que tiveram seus limites propostos com base na presença de remanescentes de vegetação nativa, para a conservação da ictiofauna local. Durante o ano de 2007 foram amostrados 50 diferentes cursos d'água na bacia com redes de emalhar, tarrafas e peneiras. Foram capturados 1308 indivíduos pertencentes a 41 espécies. O grau de conservação, a altitude e a largura foram os parâmetros que melhor explicaram a riqueza de espécies de peixes. Caso os limites de uma futura unidade de conservação fossem baseados nas manchas de vegetação remanescentes, apenas 15 ou 20 das 41 espécies seriam encontradas na área do Parque Estadual ou da Área de Proteção Ambiental, respectivamente. Na prática, as áreas protegidas propostas não constituiriam ferramentas eficazes para a conservação de peixes, principalmente porque se situariam em áreas montanhosas, de grande altitude, abrigando apenas cabeceiras de rios, onde poucas espécies são encontradas. Dentro deste contexto, a conservação de trechos específicos de rios de maior porte é fundamental.

Rodrigues dos-Santos et al.: Serranidae larvae in the Southeastern Brazilian Bight 1 Composition and distribution of Serranidae (Actinopterygii:Perciformes) larvae in the Southeastern Brazilian Bight This study describes the taxonomic composition and horizontal distribution of Serranidae larvae along the Southeastern Brazilian Bight (SBB, approximately 22°S and 28°S), and investigates how environmental and biological factors influence the larval distribution. Ichthyoplankton samples were collected in 10 oceanographic cruises conducted from 1975 to 1981. Serranidae larvae were identified into 15 species, including 11 genera and four subfamilies. Except for Diplectrum formosum, which was widely distributed throughout the SBB, Hyporthodus spp. and Baldwinella vivanus were distributed in the southern portion of the SBB, while other species were distributed mainly in the northern portion of the SBB, inside the 200 m isobath. Local depth, latitude, distance from the closest island and salinity were factors that influenced significantly on the distribution and abundance of the most abundant taxa D. formosum, Diplectrum spp., Serranus spp. and Mycteroperca spp. Significant progress was made in identifying grouper larvae from the SBB (Epinephelus morio, Epinephelus itajara and Hyporthodus nigritus).

Based on data collected during the project "The influence of the Santos-São Vicente estuarine system on the ecosystem of the adjacent continental shelf" (ECOSAN), from Nov/2004 to Mar/2006, the space-temporal distribution pattern of Sciaenidae larvae in relation to biotic and abiotic factors was investigated. Bongo net was used for sampling, aboard the R/V "Prof. W. Besnard" on the shelf, and the boats "Veliger II" and "Albacora" in the estuarine region. Twelve taxa were identified: Bairdiella ronchus, Ctenosciaena gracilicirrhus, Cynoscion spp., Isopisthus parvipinnis, Macrodon atricauda, Micropogonias furnieri, Menticirrhus spp., Nebris microps, Ophioscion punctatissimus, Paralonchurus brasiliensis, Stellifer rastrifer and Stellifer spp. Sciaenidae larvae were widespread on the continental shelf in both campaigns (frequency of occurrence >80%). They were most abundant in Mar/2006 (mean = 6.47 larvae.m-2; sd = 8.36) and least abundant in Sep/2005 (mean = 2.37 larvae.m-2; sd = 3.33). The average abundance in the estuarine region ranged from 0.12 larvae.m-2 (sd = 0.11) in Jun/2005 to 4.28 larvae.m-2 (sd = 1.99) in Nov/2004. Frequency of occurrence minimum occurred in Aug/2005 (50%) and the maximum in Nov/2004 (100%). The presence of Sciaenidae larvae in most locations and periods suggests that the reproductive process of this family in the region is continuous, spawning being more intense in the warmer months.

RESUMOCom o principal objetivo de fornecer ferramentas para auxiliar na implementação do manejo sustentável de peixes ornamentais na Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Amanã, Amazonas, foi realizado o estudo da biologia reprodutiva de Heros efasciatus Heckel, 1840, um ciclídeo com potencial ornamental e com poucos trabalhos sobre a sua biologia e ecologia, apesar de já ser comercializado em algumas regiões amazônicas. Coletas bimestrais foram realizadas de fevereiro de 2006 a janeiro de 2007 em dez igarapés contribuintes do Lago Amanã e Urini, sendo utilizados três aparelhos de pesca (rede de arrasto, rapiché e armadilha tipo matapi) e ainda galhadas artificiais nas amostragens realizadas próximas aos lagos. Foram capturados 140 exemplares de H. efasciatus, sendo 50 fêmeas, 42 machos, e 46 indivíduos cujo sexo não foi identificado devido ao pequeno tamanho. O tipo de crescimento encontrado foi isométrico, sendo que o maior indivíduo observado apresentava 174 mm e o menor 14 mm. Os resultados encontrados auxiliarão na adoção de medidas de manejo, como a determinação de tamanhos mínimos de captura, superiores aos tamanhos médios de maturação (97 mm para as fêmeas) e o estabelecimento de períodos de defeso durante a época de sua reprodução (outubro a janeiro). A pequena abundância de indivíduos da espécie, quando comparada com o total de exemplares capturados (apenas 0,07%) e a baixa fecundidade média, de 2502 ovócitos, indica que se deve trabalhar anualmente apenas com um pequeno número de indivíduos, a fim de garantir a continuidade do estoque.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Amazonas, Cichlidae, peixe ornamental, reprodução de peixes. The aim if the present work is to supply basic information that may help the management of ornamental fishes in the Amanã Sustainable Reserve, State of Amazonas, Brazi. A study of the reproductive biology of Heros efasciatus, a cichlid fish with ornamental potential, was performed using specimens collected bi-monthly between February 2006 and January 2007 in ten creeks contributing to Lakes Amanã and Urini. The sample collection gear included hand net, seine and traps. In addition, artificial tree branches were used for sampling near the lakes. A total of 140 specimens of H. efasciatus were captured, which corresponded to only 0.07% of all specimens collected. Of this total, 50 were male, 42 were female, and 46 individuals could not be sexed due to their small size. The type of growth founded was isometric; with individuals' sizes varying from 14 mm to 174 mm. Average fecundity was estimated at 2,502 oocytes. The results of this study will help in implementing several sustainable management measures, such as establishing a minimum size for capture (higher than 97 mm) and imposing a no-fishing restriction during the spawning season of this species (from October till January). To ensure stock continuity due to the low density and low fecundity of H. efasciatus, we suggest that exploitation of this species for ornamental trade be kept to a small number of individuals per year. Reproductive biology...

Efficiency of the identification of eggs of Engraulis anchoita can be greatly improved by a method developed from egg measurements, using photography and the ImageJ programme, analysed by discriminant analysis using R software.