This paper focuses on increasing quantities of digestate, a final product of anaerobic digestion, in biogas stations being built as alternative sources of energy. The potential use of digestate is limited due to its rather specific physical properties. This paper presents current approaches to digestate and digestate management. The objective is to compare the properties of digestate and the products of its separation via centrifuging, i.e. the liquid phase known as digestate liquor, and the solid phase referred to as digestate fibre. Its focus is mainly laid on techniques for dewatering digestate in low-solid anaerobic processes only, which have been tested for the effectiveness of the basic physical and chemical methods including their combinations. The measured results show that the use of coagulants and flocculants for this purpose would be very problematic in practice with regard to their high consumption as well as the need to input other elements into the process. AbstraktPředložený článek se zabývá problematikou narůstajícího množství digestátu jako konečného produktu anaerobní digesce v bioplynových stanicích, budovaných jako alternativní zdroje energie. Digestát má v současné době omezené využití, které je dáno jeho specifickými fyzikálními vlastnostmi, zejména extrémně problematickou separací jednotlivých složek, ale také chemickým a mikrobiologickým složením. Jeho vlastnosti jsou z největší části ovlivněny druhem zpracovávané biomasy. V úvodní části tato studie předkládá současné možnosti nakládání s digestátem. Předmětem experimentální části je popis odběru a analýzy vzorků digestátu včetně jeho zpracování v laboratorních podmínkách použitím odstředění a následné posouzení vlastností digestátu a produktů separace, tj. fugátu a separátu a dále testování koagulačních a flokulačních činidel pro účinnější separaci tuhé fáze z digestátu, resp. fugátu. Použití koagulantů a flokulantů pro tyto účely v praxi by bylo značně problematické s ohledem na jejich vysokou spotřebu a vnos dalších prvků do procesu.
A number of articles have already been published on energy recovery from the sun using solar panels and their environmental impacts. However, in this article, we assess the impact of solar panel technology, and use separately obtained data based on the disassembly of a specific photovoltaic panel into discrete parts. The aim of this article is to list all the environmental impacts of this panel per unit of energy produced and at the same time to focus primarily on deciphering the energy intensity of individual phases of the life cycle of photovoltaic panel production. An analytical method of Life-cycle assessment using the environmental software version SimaPro 9.0.049 with an integrated Ecoinvent 3 database was used to determine the environmental impacts. Throughout the work, we focus on the data obtained, which shows that the process of photovoltaic panel production itself is very energy-intensive, especially in the phase of photovoltaic cell production and solar glass production. In other phases, which is the production of individual parts of the photovoltaic panel, its use, and subsequent recycling, they do not contribute so much to the overall energy balance. In the environmental impact assessment, the most affected aspects were human health, followed by climatic change, resources, and the ecosystem quality came last. In all four of the above categories, the influence of the photovoltaic cell production phase was determined to be dominant.
Abstract. This paper focuses on possibilities of information provision for tourists so that they can get familiar more easily with new cultures and the "unknown" environment by means of commonly known and user friendly interfaces. Each object of interest can be equipped with a wireless identification tag that can serve as: 1) Pointer to already downloaded information and thus associate it with the real object in his proper environment. 2) Link for downloading of information in real time -if a wireless communication is available. 3) Direct provider of such information -if the identification tag has sufficient capacity. 4) Provider for feedback inclusive management of tourist movement so that the communication routes are not overloaded. Information support for such kinds of tourist areas is presented. Logistic model based on Petri nets is used for simulation and life cycle assessment following Ekoindikator 99 is evaluated. Advantages of described solutions are discussed.
Along with the current increase in the number of biogas plants, huge amounts of digestate, i.e. waste products, are being generated. The common practice in the Czech Republic is to plough the digestate into the land. In our field trial, we compared the fertilizing effects of standard fertilizers applied in the Czech Republic with digestate as the only fertilizer (e.g. digestate fibre and digestate liquor) in real agricultural conditions to find out whether a comparable amount of nitrogen is used in accordance with European legislation. The impact of separated digestate fibre and separated liquor on the soil fertility and quality was observed on the basis of the distribution of macro- and micronutrients in maize. The evaluation of growth increments in maize suggests that the fertilizing effects of digestate liquor or digestate fibre do not match the standard fertilizer in agriculture, but especially digestate liquor is comparable with other mineral fertilizers. Our field trial also shows that digestate liquor is a better fertilizer than digestate fibre, which may be explained by more appropriate ratios of available nutrients in digestate liquor. Digestate fibre may be recommended mainly for the aeration of clayey soil, but is not sustainable as fertilizer.
Waste from anaerobic digestion is considered as a mineral fertilizer and it is usually applied to agricultural land. The aim of our attempt was to enrich this waste from anaerobic digestion (digestate) with an organic component (in our case represented by haylage). For this purpose, we made different mixtures of digestate and haylage in different weight ratios. In the field trial, the effect of these mixtures on the soil, under standard agricultural conditions, was monitored. Selected accessible nutrients (P, K, Mg, Mn, Ca) and the amount of carbon and nitrogen in the soil were monitored. The results of the laboratory tests confirmed that the areas where the sowing and digestate mixtures were applied showed greater amounts of macro-and micronutrients in plant-accessible forms than the surface fertilized only with digestate or areas fertilized only with standard fertilizers.
During biogas production, anaerobic digestion of plant material rich in nutrients results in the so-called whole digestate. The application of nutrient-rich material present in digestate could have fertilising effects, especially in intensively used agricultural soils, andin crop yields that can affect the nutrient cycle. The aim of this article is to inform about possibilities of using mixture of digestate andhaylage (use the fertilizing effect of both matters), and at the same time contribute to the improvement of agrochemical properties ofsoil. This study evaluates the effect of applying the mixture of digestate and haylage on germination and early stages of plant development. This article deals with primary test mixtures of digestate and haylage at ratios 10:1, 5:1 and 3:1 and compares the results withwhole digestate applications. Simplified statistically calculated quantities showed that all examined mixtures better fertilizing effect incomparison with the control growing media. Based on the chemical analysis of the growing medias, a growing media with mixtures ofdigestate and haylage characterizing as growing medias with a high content of nutrients and a low amount of hazardous metal wasinvestigated. The examined growing media thus met the limits for organic and commercial fertilizers. Fertilizing effects of growingmedia with mixture of digestate an haylage can also be noted on increasing the proportion of macronutrients in the soil, reducingfertilization only throughout whole digestate.
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