The synthesis of dimethoxymethane (DMM) by a multistep reaction of methanol with carbon dioxide and molecular hydrogen is reported. Using the molecular catalyst [Ru(triphos)(tmm)] in combination with the Lewis acid Al(OTf)3 resulted in a versatile catalytic system for the synthesis of various dialkoxymethane ethers. This new catalytic reaction provides the first synthetic example for the selective conversion of carbon dioxide and hydrogen into a formaldehyde oxidation level, thus opening access to new molecular structures using this important C1 source.
The synthesis of dimethoxymethane (DMM) by am ultistep reaction of methanol with carbon dioxide and molecular hydrogen is reported. Using the molecular catalyst [Ru(triphos)(tmm)] in combination with the Lewis acid Al(OTf) 3 resulted in av ersatile catalytic system for the synthesis of various dialkoxymethane ethers.This new catalytic reaction provides the first synthetic example for the selective conversion of carbon dioxide and hydrogen into af ormaldehyde oxidation level, thus opening access to new molecular structures using this important C 1 source.Supportinginformation and the ORCID identification number(s) for the author(s) of this article can be found under http://dx.
An atom transfer radical addition elimination (ATRE) reaction of terminal alkenes with perfluoroalkyl halides under visible light is described. The photoredox catalysis with Eosin Y provides perfluoroalkenes in good yields. The reaction has been utilized for the late stage perfluoroalkenylation of an estrone-derived alkene.
Dialkoxymethanes are becoming increasingly important as fuel additives, formaldehyde surrogates, and chemical intermediates, but the effective synthesis remains challenging. Herein, the catalytic synthesis of dialkoxymethane products using a molecular catalyst is reported. The catalytic system, comprising the [Ru(triphos)(tmm)] in combination with the Lewis acid Al(OTf)3, enables the direct synthesis of dialkoxymethane products with formic acid as C1 building block in high to excellent turnover numbers.
Most combinations of chemo‐ and biocatalysis take place in aqueous media or require a solvent change with complex intermediate processing. Using enzymes in the same organic solvent as the chemocatalyst eliminates this need. Here, it was shown that a complete chemoenzymatic cascade to form dioxolanes could be carried out in a purely organic environment. The result, including downstream processing, was compared with a classical mode, shifting solvent. First, a two‐step enzyme cascade starting from aliphatic aldehydes to chiral diols (3,4‐hexanediol and 4,5‐octanediol) was run either in an aqueous buffer or in the potentially biobased solvent cyclopentyl methyl ether. Subsequently, a ruthenium molecular catalyst enabled the conversion to dioxolanes [e. g., (4S,5S)‐dipropyl‐1,3‐dioxolane]. Importantly, the total synthesis of this product was not only highly stereoselective but also based on the combination of biomass, CO2, and hydrogen, thus providing an important example of a bio‐hybrid chemical.
Battery energy storages play an important role in the energy transition toward an energy system based on renewable resources. Today, batteries on a household and community level in Germany are primarily used to increase consumption of self-produced electricity. However, batteries used solely for increasing self-consumption are neither profitable yet from an economic point of view, nor is the same battery capacity needed at all times when used only for self-consumption. At a considerable time of the day, the battery is either empty or fully loaded and could be used for other services. Community energy storages show several advantages compared to home storages and might also help to explore possibilities of using a battery for multi-use due to the size and simplification of control. Thereby, extra profits for a positive business case can be generated and a more efficient use of the battery is made possible.
This paper investigates and structures possible services of community energy storages in Germany. It highlights the most promising services for multi-use andshows what prerequisites regarding the state of charge of the battery is necessary to perform the service. Moreover, a technical simulation of energy flows of a community with a variation in the number of households, photovoltaic capacity, and battery dimensions provides evidence that multi-use of community energy storage is even possible with only minor effects on self-consumption levels inside the community. For instance, the results show, that, on average, more than 30% of battery capacity can be used for additional services if the share of storage capacity used for self-consumption is adjusted monthly depending on the season and solar radiation.
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