A large number of rock formations in the Czech Republic and abroad directly threaten to damage objects or traffic along the roads located beneath these formations. For this reason, many such rock formations are stabilized using protective fences or dynamic barriers. There are several special sensors available on the market. However, there is no comprehensive monitoring system, including remote threshold settings, data processing, and alarm conditions. This statement is supported by extensive research in this area as well as information from major geotechnical companies that are interested in such a system and want to include it in their portfolio. The aim of the article is to describe the unique wireless monitoring system used to measure the geotechnical quantities we have developed. The design and implementation of systems used to measure protective fence states with accelerometers and slope shift with load anchor cells are presented. Wireless accelerometric sensors and load anchor cell sensors are proposed for both systems. To transfer data from the accelerometer sensor to a superior system, IQRF® technology is applied for the communication between the wireless nodes and the network coordinator under the IQMESH topology. The article includes a detailed description of the development of the accelerometric wireless sensor node and load anchor cell wireless sensor node. Three case studies are also discussed. The first case study focuses on the data implementation and assessment at a testing polygon at the village of Málkov. The second case study describes the data implementation and an assessment of the measuring system under operating conditions in Zbraslav, a municipality near Prague. The third case study describes the implementation and assessment of data from load anchor cell wireless nodes installed in realistic conditions on a supporting gabion wall next to a road. All communication between the sensors and with the IQMESH network coordinator and database was executed wirelessly. The data were archived in a MySQL database and it provides a data source for the assessment and visualizations using the Grafana SW system.
This case study deals with the design of a hybrid system for the prevention of thermal events in mining waste disposal sites and landfills. The overall design, real implementation, optimization and experimental verification of the functionality of the entire system are described in detail. Both experimental platforms are built on the Internet of Things (LoRaWAN and Sigfox) basis and meet the conditions for autonomous long-term on-site monitoring. The data collected is periodically transmitted wirelessly to a database repository, which processes relevant parameters for the operators of dispatching workplaces. The study is focused on a combination of surface and depth measurement methods. The experimental results clearly confirm the functionality of the proposed solutions, which will enable timely interventions and elimination of underground and surface combustions. Thanks to centralized data collection, a unique database has also been created, which can be used for the implementation of prediction algorithms (based, for example, on machine learning or artificial intelligence).
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