We have attempted to describe the rapidity and transverse momentum spectra, simultaneously, of the hadrons produced in the Ultra-relativistic Nuclear Collisions. This we have tried to achieve in a single statistical thermal freeze-out model using single set of parameters. We assume the formation of a hadronic gas in thermo-chemical equilibrium at the freeze-out. The model incorporates a longitudinal as well as a transverse hydrodynamic flow. We have also found that the role of heavier hadronic resonance decay is important in explaining the particle spectra.
We attempt to describe the rapidity and transverse momentum spectra of strange as well as non-strange hadrons e.g.-and their ratios in the ultra-relativistic collisions of gold nuclei at √ s = 200 GeV. This is done by using a statistical thermal freeze-out model which incorporates the rapidity (collision) axis as well as transverse direction boosts developed within an expanding hot and dense hadronic fluid (fireball) till the final freeze-out. We determine the thermo-chemical freeze-out conditions particularly in terms of the temperature, baryon chemical potential and collective flow effect parameters for different particle species. The parameters indicate occurrence of freeze-out of the singly and doubly strange hyperon species at somewhat earlier times during the evolution of the fireball. The experimental data of the transverse momentum and rapidity distribution are well reproduced. The contribution of heavier hadronic resonance decay is taken into account.
We study the effect of finite size of hadrons on the quark hadron phase transition and in particular on the location of the critical end point of such a phase transition. The corrections to the hadronic equation of state are incorporated in a thermodynamic consistent manner for a vander Walls like interaction. For quark gluon plasma phase we take a bag model like equation of state which takes into account the perturbative interactions among the plasma constituents. We find that for finite sized baryons the first order quark hadron phase transition is not possible for the entire QCD phase diagram. The end point of first order phase coexistence line arises towards the higher chemical potential values in comparison to the point sized baryons, beyond which the transition from hadronic phase to the quark gluon plasma phase might be either crossover or second order phase transition. Our findings are consistent with the finite size scaling ( FSS ) analysis of RHIC data which negates the critical end point with baryon chemical potential values of less than 400 MeV
We study the non-equilibrium properties of a dynamical fluid composed of quasi-particles whose mass is temperature and charge chemical potential dependent, in kinetic theory under the relaxation time approximation. In particular we calculate the scaling behaviour of bulk viscosity 'ζ' near the QCD chiral phase transition in the 3d O (2) universality class. It is found that the bulk viscosity 'ζ' does not show a divergent behaviour near the QCD chiral phase transition. This scaling behaviour of 'ζ' prevails in the presence of Gold-stone modes that arise due to the explicit breaking of continuous O (4) symmetry. On contrary these modes have a significant effect on the scaling behaviour of specific heat C V which diverges at the critical temperature T C .
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