Abstract. We present a novel method for measuring dynamic changes
in respiration parameters due to breathing based on the coupling of two
ultra-high-frequency (UHF) antennae. For evaluation, we built a dynamic 3-D
printed phantom encasing two compartments separated by an elastic diaphragm.
By filling this artificial lung with air the effective permittivity in the
compartment changes, resulting in a significant variation of the S21
parameter's magnitude and phase. We show that there is a strong linear
correlation between the volume of air in the artificial lung and the
magnitude (in dB) of the S21 parameter (R2=0.997) as well as
the parameter's phase (R2=0.975). Our sensor system shows a high
reproducibility (standard deviation of predicted volume =0.67 mL) and a
timing similar to a conventional flow sensor (delay =5.33 ms). The
presented method is a promising candidate to overcome some of the most
important technical burdens of measuring respiratory parameters and might be
used as a trigger for patient–ventilator synchronization in infants and
neonates.
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