After presenting a psychological portrait of David Hume on the background of the 18th century's cultural history, the author develops the following theses: I. The sense and target of all Hume's philosophical reasoning (especially of his rejection of the ontological status of the categories of substance and cause as well as of his theory of moral sentiments) consisted in preparing the ground for a skeptical destruction of all statements concerning the being and nature of God and for substantiating the conception according to which man can live morally without being anchored in religious transcendence. II. All strongly inconsistent parts of Hume's philosophy are unified by Hume's (usually clandestine) effort to uproot religion; it is just this point of "synthesis" which enables us to grasp the meaning of them-and of the otherwise ungraspable inner unity of Hume's philosophy. III. The rejection of the ontological status of the category of substance (as treated in the context with the problem of the teleological argument for God's existence) results necessarily in Hume's anticipatory outline of the principal ideas of an evolutionary approach and theory of selforganization, which in all likelihood directly influenced the conceptions of Charles Darwin.
The area of flange joints with gasket includes many types of pressure vessels, which are mainly defined by the purpose of use and specific load conditions. These differences in definitions caused the existence of many types of pressure vessels with different shell shapes. Calculations of basic shapes are defined by standards. However, in some fields of engineering practice, these shapes are atypical. The article discusses the issue of circular sealed flange joints with a nonstandard shape of the pressure chamber shells. The aim of this article is to describe influence of shape of pressure vessel shell on bolt working load and the final tightness of the sealed joint using FEM.
Abstract. A topography on a set is considered to be a collection of features described by two valuations: distance and elevation. Spaces with such structure will be studied on a general level, with generalized metric (gem) and pseudometric (pseudogem). We show many pseudogem distances and characteristics, particularly those related to the elevation function. We focus on paths in the topographic images and cohesiveness (generalized continuity) of their compositions with the elevation function. Special emphasis is also placed on the spaces arising from the digital geometry and, therefore, offering applications in image processing.
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