SynopsisDynamic and isothermal thermogravimetry (TG) was used for the study of flame retardancy effects caused by crosslinking of lignocellulose materials. This effect was also checked with the limited oxygen index (LOI) method. It was found that dynamic TG measurements run to 400°C could indicate the decrease of flame retardancy effect when lower residues are observed for samples measured in oxidative in comparison to inert environments. The isothermal TG data of initial reactions are not suitable for the prediction of flame retardancy effects. Epichlorhydrin ( E ) is a suitable chemical for the flame retardancy of wood. The addition of polyethyleneimine (PEI) decreases the flame retardancy of wood. On the other hand xylan crosslinked with E gives lower LO1 values than the xylan crosslinked in the presence of PEL
SynopsisLignocellulose materials were modified with 3-chlor-2-hydroxypropyltrimethylammoniumchloride, 1,3-bis(3-chlor-2-hydroxypropyl)imidazoliumhydrogensulphate, and 2-chlorethyl-' sodiumsulphonate and the flame-retardant properties of materials obtained were studied. The flame-retardant effect was proved using the limited oxygen index (LOI) method and values up to 32.8 vol I of oxygen were determined. The LO1 values were higher when the modification was done without using NaOH for activation, but in that case the alkylating groups were not chemically bonded to the material. The NaOH activation was necessary to obtain material with flame-retardant properties stable against washing. No synergistic effects were observed when the material was modified with both nitrogen-and sulfur-containing groups.
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