The appropriate technique for econometric analysis of WTP (willingness to pay) data is an issue which has not been addressed in many studies of WTP for health and health care. This paper argues that, whether an open-ended question or a payment scale approach is adopted, the way in which WTP is recorded means that limited dependent variable models are more appropriate than standard regression analysis. Data from an open ended question on WTP for maternity care contain a large proportion of zeros and the evidence suggests that a two-part specification performs better than OLS or a standard Tobit model. If the payment scale method is adopted, our argument suggests that grouped data regression is an appropriate econometric technique. In practice, with data from a study in Northern Norway, the results from OLS and grouped data regression are broadly similar.
Analysts using the Health and Retirement Survey (HRS) often require information on earnings, labor market attachment, and social security benefits in order to better understand the factors affecting retirement and well-being at older ages. To this end, several derived variables were constructed and documented in the Earnings and Benefits File (EBF) described here. The EBF provides a set of summary earnings, employment, and social security wealth measures for a subset of HRS respondents in Wave 1 of the survey, for whom administrative records are available. The EBF, a restricted data file, is available from the University of Michigan's Institute for Social Research for matching only with versions of the HRS containing geographic detail no finer than the Census Division level.
Local school wellness policies (LWP) guide school districts’ efforts to establish school environments that promote students’ health, well-being, and ability to learn that include school U.S. Department of Agriculture nutrition and physical activity requirements. Looking through the lens of the Whole School, Whole Community, Whole Child model and NASN’s Framework for 21st Century School Nursing Practice™, LWP can be expanded beyond the tradition focus of nutrition and physical activity to address the health and academic needs of students with chronic health conditions. School nurses need to be actively involved on district wellness councils as schools prepare to conduct their required triennial assessment of current LWP equipped with an understanding of the Alliance for a Healthier Generations’ updated model wellness policy and NASN’s supplemental wellness policy language to address management of students with chronic health conditions.
Analysts using the Health and Retirement Survey (HRS) often require information on earnings, labor market attachment, and social security benefits, in order to better understand the factors affecting retirement and well-being at older ages. To this end, several derived variables were constructed and documented in the Earnings and Benefits File (EBF) described here. The EBF provides a set of summary earnings, employment, and social security wealth measures for a subset of HRS respondents in Wave 1 of the survey, for whom administrative records are available. The EBF, a restricted data file, is available from the University of Michigan's Institute for Social Research for matching with only with versions of the HRS containing geographic detail no finer than the Census Division level.
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