BackgroundNephropathies are among the most common diseases in dogs. Regular examination of the kidney function plays an important role for an adequate treatment scheme. The determination of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is seen as the gold standard in assessing the kidney status. Most of the tests have the disadvantage that only the complete glomerular filtration rate of both kidneys can be assessed and not the single kidney glomerular filtration rate. Imaging examination techniques like dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging have the potential to evaluate the single kidney GFR. There are studies in human medicine describing the determination of the single kidney GFR using this technique. To our knowledge there are no such studies for dogs.ResultsAn exponential fit was found to describe the functional interrelation between signal intensity and contrast medium concentrations. The changes of contrast medium concentrations during the contrast medium bolus propagation were calculated. The extreme values of contrast medium concentrations in the kidneys were reached at nearly the same time in every individual dog (1st maximum aorta 8.5 s, 1st maximum in both kidneys after about 14.5 s; maximum concentration values varied between 17 and 125 µmol/mL in the aorta and between 4 and 15 µmol/mL in the kidneys). The glomerular filtration rate was calculated from the concentration changes of the contrast medium using a modified Rutland-Patlak plot technique. The GFR was 12.7 ± 2.9 mL/min m2 BS for the left kidney and 12.0 ± 2.2 mL/min/m2 BS for the right kidney. The mean values of the coefficient of determination of the regression lines were averagely 0.91 ± 0.08.ConclusionsThe propagation of contrast medium bolus could be depicted well. The contrast medium proceeded in a similar manner for every individual dog. Additionally, the evaluation of the single kidney function of the individual dogs is possible with this method. A standardized examination procedure would be recommended in order to minimize influencing parameters.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s13028-018-0423-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
A 16-month-old male neutered cat was referred due to a history of right hindlimb lameness over several days. Radiography by the referring veterinarian revealed an osteolytic lesion at the right ilial wing. Haematology and blood chemistry were unremarkable besides borderline values of alkaline phosphatase (74 U/L). For further workup, thoracic, abdominal and pelvic computed tomography (CT) were performed. CT confirmed the presence of an osteolytic mass with additional osteoneogenesis in the right ilial wing and indicated no evidence of metastatic disease. Resection of the mass was carried out using partial iliectomy with preservation of the limb. Histopathology confirmed the mass as osteosarcoma. Follow-up was accomplished by radiographic re-check of the ilium every few months. On the 1-year follow-up, the cat was clinically healthy with no signs of lameness. Follow-up radiographies of the pelvis up until the time of writing this report showed no signs of tumour recurrence. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSISDifferential diagnoses included benign bone lesions such as bone cysts as well as malignant bone tumours (osteosarcoma,
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