As graph databases become widespread, JTC1-the committee in joint charge of information technology standards for the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), and International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)-has approved a project to create GQL, a standard property graph query language. This complements a project to extend SQL with a new part, SQL/PGQ, which specifies how to define graph views over an SQL tabular schema, and to run read-only queries against them.Both projects have been assigned to the ISO/IEC JTC1 SC32 working group for Database Languages, WG3, which continues to maintain and enhance SQL as a whole. This common responsibility helps enforce a policy that the identical core of both PGQ and GQL is a graph pattern matching sub-language, here termed GPML.The WG3 design process is also analyzed by an academic working group, part of the Linked Data Benchmark Council (LDBC), whose task is to produce a formal semantics of these graph data languages, which complements their standard specifications.
SQL:2016 (officially called ISO/IEC 9075:2016, Information technology - Database languages - SQL) was published in December of 2016, replacing SQL:2011 as the most recent revision of the SQL standard. This paper gives an overview of the most important new features in SQL:2016.
Relational database systems have dominated the database industry for a quarter century. However, the advent of the Web has led to requirements for storage of new kinds of information in which the order of information is important and data structure can vary over time and from one document to another. These evolving requirements have given rise to Extensible Markup Language (XML) as a widely accepted data format and to XQuery as an emerging standard language for querying XML data sources. A set of extensions to the Structured Query Language (SQL) called SQL/XML enables XML data to be stored in relational databases, taking advantage of the mature infrastructure of relational systems and combining the advantages of SQL and XQuery. However, building a bridge between SQL and XQuery is challenging due to the many syntactic and semantic differences between the two languages. This paper describes how IBM DB2t deals with this challenge and provides users with a flexible system for storing and processing both relational and XML data.
ZusammenfassungIn diesem Artikel geben die Autoren einen Überblick über die neuesten Funktionen der nächsten Version der SQL-Norm (SQL:2003) sowie eine kurze Zusammenfassung der vorhandenen Funktionalität in der aktuell gültigen Norm (SQL:1999) und den früheren Versionen. Zusätzlich wird auf ausgewählte Teile des Standards ausführlicher eingegangen. Abschließend wird kurz auf die Zukunft der SQL-Norm aus Sicht der Autoren eingegangen.
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