Three commercial starters (Carp Starter, Uni Starter and Perla Plus) and one noncommercial, with frozen Chironomidae larvae as a reference diet, were evaluated for the intensive rearing of juvenile lake minnow Eupallasella perenurus, a cyprinid fish that is critically endangered in Poland. The growth, condition, survival, body deformities, and chemical body composition were studied. The 90-day laboratory experiment was performed at 22°C with fish that were initially 24.6 mm (mean total lenth (TL)) and 0.11 g (mean body weight (BW)). Satisfactory fish growth was attained with all of the diets; however, the largest (p £ 0.05) final size (48.5 mm TL, 1.55 g BW) and the lowest condition coefficient (K = 1.34) were noted in fish fed the non-commercial starter. The final survival rates were very high (97.5-100%). Skeletal deformities (in 74 to 92% fish) were recorded exclusively in fish fed commercial starters. All commercial starters resulted in considerably higher lipid content and lower ash content than did the non-commercial starter and the reference diet. This suggests that both these factors might be responsible for body deformities. The present results proved that only the non-commercial starter is suitable for juvenile E. perenurus rearing under controlled condition, and that none of the commercial starters can be recommended.
Abstract. Knowledge of the historical occurrence of the endangered cyprinid fish species, Eupallasella percnurus (Pall.), in today's Kujawsko-Pomorskie Voivodeship in Poland is sparse. However, a total of nine sites inhabited by this species had been identified by the end of the twentieth century, but only one of theses had survived into the early 2000s. The largest field inventory to date of this area was undertaken from 2005 to 2011 and nine new sites were recorded. Most of the newly discovered sites inhabited by E. percnurus are located in the Dobrzyñskie Lake District mesoregion, which is where this species has occurred in the past. Four of these sites have been designated as vulnerable and two as critically threatened. Immediate active protection measures are necessary to preserve E. percnurus at the two existing sites in the Special Protected Area PLH040013 "Cyprianka".
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