No abstract
This article investigates various heritage-related practices in the city of Shanghai since the end of colonialism. With the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949, the dominant approach was to remove the colonial heritage and replace it with a communist narrative of the people and its heroes. The introduction of market socialism in the 1990s led to a revival of the colonial heritage, but in a form that presented the city as a cosmopolitan and consumer-oriented center. The role of the colonial heritage in the dramatic change in the cityscape since the 1990s has often been viewed as nostalgic. This article analyses nostalgia as a reframing of the colonial heritage, in which it reappears as the design of communist extravagance or "conspicuous communism." Through an analysis of the newly opened Shanghai History Museum, this article demonstrates that the global design strategy imposed on the cityscape is losing momentum and is now being challenged by a more robust narrative of a city formed more by communism than colonialism. The museum clearly reveals a tension between removing and reframing colonial heritage. Colonial heritage reemerging in a positive way is rare, but may be found in a fascination with the darker and unruly forces of colonial Shanghai, or with objects that tend to disrupt the dominant approaches of removal and reframing.
Begrebshistoriens grand old man, den tyske historiker og polyhistor, Reinhart Koselleck døde i februar 2006. Det intellektuelle bo er enormt. Ikke nok med, at Koselleck grundlagde begrebshistorien som historisk disciplin, han var også et forbindelsesled mellem de forskellige nye strømninger inden for historievidenskaben. Laenge før den sproglige vending overhovedet blev taget alvorligt i historiefaget, gjorde han opmaerksom på sprogets uomgaengelighed i studiet af historiske forandringsprocesser. I Tyskland var han en af foregangsmaendene i udviklingen af den nye socialhistorie, der for alvor gav historiefaget ny, teoretisk luft (Kocka 2002). Som følge af sin store intellektuelle bredde var han imidlertid også knyttet til de aeldre, men dominerende filosofiske strømninger fra det 20. århundredes første halvdel. Koselleck bidrog staerkt til at skabe forbindelse mellem disse strømninger og historievidenskaben. I kraft af det monumentale leksikon om de historiske grundbegreber, Geschichtliche Grundbegriffe: Historisches Lexicon zur politisch-sozialen Sprache in Deutschland, som Koselleck havde hovedansvaret for, har begrebshistorien fået en blivende plads i tysk historieskrivning. 1 Men den har også bredt sig langt ud over Tysklands graenser og til andre discipliner end historie. 2 Tekster af Koselleck er oversat til mange forskellige sprog heriblandt engelsk, spansk, fransk, portugisisk, italiensk, russisk, kinesisk. Begrebshistoriske projekter inspireret af Koselleck er blevet søsat i en raekke lande. Boet efter Koselleck skal ikke gøres op her. Derimod er det intentionen at gøre en slags status over, hvor diskussionen om begrebshistorie står i dag. Begrebshistorien blev heftigt diskuteret blandt tyske historikere, da den blev lanceret i begyndelsen af 1970'erne. 3 Siden bredte den sig til andre faggrupper, ofte foranlediget af Koselleck selv. De forskellige indspil var naturligvis praeget af forskellige faglige interesser og synsvinkler. Lingvister fokuserede på
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