The hydrologic cycle in Slovakia is determined mainly by three basic components: precipitation (P ), evapotranspiration (E) and runoff (R). The mean annual P total was 747 mm, E sum 476 mm and the mean R was 271 mm in Slovakia in 1951-1980 (E ≈ 0.65P and R ≈ 0.35P ). T increase in 1.6• C and annual P decrease in 24 mm (3.1%) were detected in the 1881-2007 period. Regimes of potential and actual evapotranspiration, soil moisture and R have been changed mainly in the southern Slovakia. A physical model for the estimation of the energy balance equation components (total radiation balance and its components, potential and actual evapotranspiration, sensible heat flux) has been developed. Input data are the air temperature and humidity, cloudiness, the number of days with snow cover and precipitation, all measured in the network of 31 meteorological stations in Slovakia since 1951. The 20-year period 1988-2007 was by 0.9• C warmer than the normal period mean. The observed increase is at the upper limit of all climate change scenarios projected for Slovakia in 1991-2001. Annual P totals have not changed significantly, but substantial changes have been found in the P regime. The scenarios show significant changes in the hydrological cycle not only at river basins balance but also in case of soil water balance, mainly in the southern Slovakia.
The paper presents the results of the model computation of actual and potential evapotranspiration as well as evaporation measurements from the GGI-3000 Pan (evaporimeter) at 3 selected stations of Slovakia for the periods 1971-2000 (2 stations) and 1986-2000 (1 station). The localities are situated in the most southern parts of Slovakia in 1 st Oak stage and on southern slopes of the Carpathian promontories. A model computation of the monthly totals of actual and potential evapotranspiration was performed by a common solution of energy and water balance equations of the top one-meter layer of the soil. The model outputs are compared to the measurement data. The dependence of the ratio of actual evapotranspiration/ evaporation measured by the GGI-3000 Pan (E/Ep) on relative evapotranspiration (E/Eo), when E, Eo are calculated, is linear with a high correlation coefficient during the season from April to October. The paper also gives the comparison results of the mean monthly and annual air temperatures, temperatures of active and saturated surface with the mean monthly temperature of free water surface in the GGI-3000 Pan at these 3 stations (Bratislava-Koliba, Somotor and Žihárec). It was found that the mean free water surface temperature for the period from April to October is close to the mean temperature of saturated surface during that period. The mean temperatures of free water surface in the GGI-3000
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