The relationship between Kernberg's psychodynamic model of personality organization (PO) and dissociation has not yet been explored. Seventy-two nonclinical subjects and 222 psychiatric patients completed the Dissociative Experiences Scale and the Inventory of Personality Organization. Its Reality Testing subscale emerged as the most important predictor for all facets of dissociation. Discussing our results in the framework of Fonagy and coworkers' model of mentalization, we suggest that dissociation may reflect the preoedipal "pretend" mode of psychic functioning while impaired reality testing and psychotic experiences might be indicative of the "psychic equivalent" mode.
Background: Even more than 70 years after the end of WW II, questions regarding the personality of dictator Adolf Hitler (1889-1945) remain unresolved. Among them, there is a focus on the problem of his state of mental health, in particular on the possible relevance of the medical treatment he received for a war injury at the military hospital of the small German town of Pasewalk in the last days of WW I. Some authors have come to postulate a profound change of his personality due either to a psychic trauma suffered or a hypnotic therapy he supposedly underwent for curing a hysterical blindness. Objectives: The assumptions about Hitler's war injury which rely on only two significant sources shall be assessed for their validity. Methods: Existing historical sources and inferred hypotheses will be discussed in the light of alternative interpretations. Results: The mentioned suppositions reveal their highly arbitrary character: neither a hysterical blindness of Hitler's nor a hypnotic treatment at Pasewalk military hospital can be substantiated. Discussion: Given the fact that Hitler's medical sheet is most likely irrevocably lost, the authors plea for the acceptance of the limitations of historical research, even more so since the occurrences in Pasewalk lack any deeper importance for a historic assessment of Hitler's personality.
Zusammenfassung Hintergrund Die Entwicklung der Neurologie verlief in beiden deutschen Staaten nach 1945 unterschiedlich, wobei nur wenig über die Neurologie in der DDR bekannt ist. Fragestellung Der Stand der historischen Forschung zur Neurologie in der DDR soll aufgezeigt werden. Material und Methode Es erfolgte eine systematische Literaturrecherche für den Zeitraum 1991 bis 2021 sowie eine Einordnung der jeweiligen Beiträge in verschiedene Kategorien. Ergebnisse Neben einer regional sehr unterschiedlichen Aufarbeitung zu spezifischen Themen zeigt sich insgesamt ein Mangel an einer thematischen Gesamtdarstellung sowie an Arbeiten zu gesellschaftspolitischen Zusammenhängen innerhalb der DDR und vergleichenden Aspekten im deutsch-deutschen, aber auch internationalen Maßstab. Schlussfolgerungen Die systematische Forschung der Geschichte der Neurologie in der DDR unter Berücksichtigung der Rolle innerhalb des sozialistischen Gesundheitswesens sollte im Rahmen eines separaten Forschungsprojekts aufgearbeitet werden und dabei vergleichende Aspekte einbeziehen.
The work presented here analyses the in-patient psychiatric treatment, which remained unconsidered in the relevant biographies, of Rudolf Ditzen in the Stralsund Provincial Sanatorium from 5 January to 14 February 1921 with the diagnoses of "morphine addiction" and "degenerative psychopathic constitution". For this purpose the medical report on Ditzen, which has come to light again, was evaluated, and the treatment classified in its medical-historical context and the making of the diagnosis discussed against the background of Ditzen's psychosocial development. In the case of a combination of diagnoses typical for the time, against the background of Ditzen's difficult psychosocial development, which was likewise typical for its time, the result was a not entirely typical treatment for addiction under the custodial conditions of institutional psychiatry around 1920. Ditzen's hospitalisation with a comparatively mild type of symptoms is to be viewed against the background of a lack of extramural treatment structures. It is not certain whether Ditzen deliberately used the hospital as a space for withdrawal and protection.
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