Implementing ethical leadership seems to be one feasible strategy to improve nurses' organisational commitment and perception of patient safety culture. Efforts by nurse managers to develop ethical leadership reinforce organisational commitment to improve patient outcomes. Nurse managers' engagement and performance in this process is vital for a successful result.

According to the results of the study, there was a reverse significant relationship between moral distress and perceived organizational justice; therefore, the head nurses are expected to contribute to reduce moral distress and to increase perceived organizational justice in nurses.

Background: The importance of sleep in physical and mental well-being is generally acknowledged by both health professionals and the general public.This study investigated the effects on inhalation aromatherapy on sleep quality in cardiac patients.Methods: Ninety-six men and women aged between 20 and 75 were randomized to inhale aromatherapy essential oil from Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis L.) or odorless sesame oil (the placebo) for 30 minutes twice daily for 3 days. Sleep quality by Verran Synder- Halpern (VSH) scale were assessed before and after period.Results: Compared with the placebo, the experimental group showed that the components such as subjective sleep quality, sleep disturbance, and daytime dysfunction were significantly decreased (P< 0.005).Conclusion: Aromatherapy may be used as an independent nursing intervention for improving sleep quality of cardiac patients.

BackgroundEmpathy is one of the most important communication skills in clinical practice, specifically in the field of oncology. Empathic competences have a significant meaning for caring and therapeutic relations in nurses’ responsibilities. Clinical empathy brings positive performance, thus patients’ emotions are perceived and expressed more easily. Clinical empathy is contextual, interpersonal and affective, but it is also difficult to study. Awareness of oncology nurses’ perception of this phenomenon might help them to plan for more effective patient-centered consultations within interventional programs. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the content of clinical empathy with cancer patients from the perspective of oncology nurses.Patients and methodsIn this qualitative study, 15 oncology nurses were selected by purposive sampling. A semi-structured face-to-face interview was conducted with each of the participants. After data collection, all interviews were transcribed and reviewed, and then primary codes, sub-categories and categories were extracted. The data were analyzed with the conventional content analysis method by MAXQDA 10 software.ResultsClinical empathy showed a composite construct with five main categories, including co-presence (physical and emotional presence), metacognition (self-awareness of mental processes), perception (knowing about awareness of individuals), inherent (genetic) and didactic (instructive) nature.ConclusionClinical empathy as an effective strategy can be taught through three areas of “co-presence”, “metacognition” and “perception” in the context of cancer care. Thus, clinical empathy should be considered as one of the competency standards which can be taught to oncology nurses.

The NCFI has acceptable reliability and validity. It can be easily used by nursing researchers and managers and even hospital nurses.

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Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common neurobehavioral disorder in children that creates problems in parents-children relationships. Improving familial and social interactions of these children needs mental and social interventions, and parents’ management training (PMT) program is one of these interventions. The present study aimed at determining the effectiveness of PMT program on parent-child relationship of parents with ADHD children. Methods: Through an experimental research, 40 parents with ADHD children were selected based on purposeful sampling. A total of 20 parents were randomly placed in intervention group and received 8 sessions of intervention course (60 minutes per session) and the other 20 parents were grouped in the control group and received no training intervention. Research tools included a researcher-designed demographics questionnaire and Parker’s Bonding Instrument (PBI). Data were collected at pretest, posttest, and follow- up stages and analyzed using descriptive and covariance analysis. Results: The results revealed that PMT program was significantly effective in reducing excessive support and increasing parent care index in parents with ADHD children (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results of the present study supported the effectiveness of PMT program on parent-child relationship of the parents with ADHD children.

IntroductionEvaluation of clinical competency in nurses has a distinct importance in healthcare due to its significant impact on improving the quality of patient care and creation of opportunities for professional promotion. This is a psychometric study for development of the “Clinical Competency of Mental Health Nursing”(CCMHN) rating scale.MethodsIn this methodological research that was conducted in 2015, in Tehran, Iran, the main items were developed after literature review and the validity and reliability of the tool were identified. The face, content (content validity ratio and content validity index) and construct validities were calculated. For face and content validity, experts’ comments were used. Exploratory factor analysis was used to determine the construct validity. The reliability of scale was determined by the internal consistency and inter-rater correlation. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS version 16, using descriptive statistical analysis.ResultsA scale with 45 items in two parts including Emotional/Moral and Specific Care competencies was developed. Content validity ratio and content validity index were 0.88, 0.97 respectively. Exploratory factor analysis indicated two factors: The first factor with 23.93 eigenvalue and second factor with eigenvalue 2.58. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for determination of internal consistency was 0.98 and the ICC for confirmation inter-rater correlation was 0.98.ConclusionA scale with 45 items and two areas was developed with appropriate validity and reliability. This scale can be used to assess the clinical competency in nursing students and mental health nurses.