Objectives: The present study examined the role of social support in protecting against disability among older people residing in Poldasht, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran in 2018. Methods: This cross-sectional study was undertaken on 305 older adults who were selected by random sampling method. The World Health Organization standardized disability scale (WHODASS2) and multidimensional scale of perceived social support (MSPSS) were applied to collect the data. Data analysis was run through a multiple linear regression model by SPSS software, version 23. The significance level was set at P≤0.05. Results: The mean age of older people was 69.13±7.63 years. The highest incidence of disability was in the subscale of community participation (n=111, 36.4%) and mobility (n=111, 36.4%). The results revealed that age (β=0.32, P<0.001), financial status (β=0.14, P=0.002), job (β=-0.18, P=0.02), number of physical illnesses (β=-0.21, P<0.001), and social support (β=-0.17, P<0.001) were predictive factors of disability among older people. Discussion: The results showed a high prevalence of disability among older people. Given the protective role of social support in reducing disability, it is suggested to consider this cost-effective factor in attempts to deal with disability and then promote the quality of life of this vulnerable group.

Introduction A healthy lifestyle can reduce the rate and symptoms of premenstrual syndrome. Thus, the present study evaluates the effect of educational intervention based on the Health Belief Model on the lifestyle related to premenstrual syndrome and reduction of its symptoms among the first-grade high school girls. Methods This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 80 first-grade high school girls. They were divided into two intervention and control groups (40 people in each group). The data collection tools included the participants’ demographic information questionnaire, premenstrual symptoms screening tool, and a researcher-made questionnaire based on the constructs of the health belief model about PMS and the behaviors reducing its symptoms. Data were collected in two phases (before and three months after the educational intervention) via WhatsApp. Educational sessions were held in the form of four 45-min sessions for intervention group subjects regarding PMS and the behaviors that reduce its symptoms during one month via WhatsApp. Results According to the results of this study, the mean scores of knowledge about PMS and health belief model constructs (including perceived susceptibility), perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived self-efficacy, cues to action, lifestyle/behaviors that reduce PMS symptoms) and the percentage of people who did not have PMS symptoms or had a mild type of PMS increased significantly after implementing the educational intervention in the intervention group compared to before the intervention and compared to the control group. Also, the perceived barriers construct score PMS decreased significantly. Conclusions The health belief model education focused on a healthy lifestyle was effective in reducing PMS symptoms. It is recommended to use the educational intervention designed in this study, along with other health care in schools and during puberty as an easy, low-cost, and effective intervention.

Background Retirement is a challenge that, as a process, influences the individual’s role, status, life patterns, expectations, and available resources. Therefore, the present study aims at determining the predictors of retirement satisfaction among men in the city of Urmia. Methods In this descriptive-analytical study, 140 retired men living in Urmia were selected by multi-stage sampling method. The instruments used are the Retirement Satisfaction Scale, life satisfaction, and quality of life questionnaires. Data were analyzed in SPSS v.21 using descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, and regression at a significance level of p ≤ 0.05. Results Based on the results of this study, the mean score of retirement satisfaction was 115.37 + 10.13 and there was no significant difference (p = .068) in retirement satisfaction of the retired men based on level of education. Also, the retrospective multiple linear regression model indicated that 44.4% of the variance of retirement satisfaction score is predicted by two subscales of life satisfaction and quality of life. Conclusion According to the results, it seems that life satisfaction and quality of life are inseparable, effective factors in retirement satisfaction, so, to promote retirement satisfaction in all of its scales and subscales, it is recommended to improve these two factors.