Colorectal cancer is one of the most common causes of mortality in the world while malnutrition is responsible for one third of the problem. Selenium has been recommended for prevention of colorectal cancer. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of selenium-enriched Saccharomyces cerevisiae in reducing colorectal cancer progression in rats. Five groups of 170-200-g weight rats (n = 40) including healthy and cancer controls, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, selenium, and selenium-enriched Saccharomyces cerevisiae-treated groups were examined. All animals except healthy control group received 40 mg 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) per kilogram weight of rat twice a week. The healthy group received normal saline, and synchronously, selenium group received soluble selenium (4 mg/mL), Saccharomyces cerevisiae and selenium-enriched groups received yeast with the density of 5 × 10 CFU/mL by daily gavage. All treatments were carried out for 5 weeks after the last injection. Animals were autopsied, and aberrant crypt foci (ACF) of ejected colon were studied in the 40th week. Microscopic sections were prepared for hematoxylin and eosin. Furthermore, immunohistochemical staining of CD31, BCL2, and P53 antibodies was performed. Macroscopic and microscopic evaluations showed that DMH had the least destructive effect in selenium-enriched Saccharomyces cerevisiae group compared to other groups. Selenium-enriched Saccharomyces cerevisiae reduces colorectal cancer progression by various mechanisms such as reduction in the number and size of ACF and alteration in the function of the proteins such as P53, BCL2, and CD31.
Background: In developing countries, fistulae are generally caused by long-obstructed labors. Obstetric fistula (OF) is a severe condition that can have devastating impacts on a woman's life. The objective of this study was to describe the socio-demographic and delivery characteristics of patients with OF in the Haut-Katanga province of DR Congo. Methods: This was a prospective, descriptive study on 413 patients with OF in the Haut-Katanga province during the period from September 2009 to December 2018. Results: At the initial occurrence of OF, 53.3% of patients were younger than 20 years (mean age: 21.3±6.7 years), and 65.8% were primiparous. More than half had primary education but 39.7% were illiterate; 70.2% of the patients were separated or divorced. Fistula developed after delivery at home in 239 (57.9%) of 413 women. A total of 393 (95.2%) women developed OF after vaginal delivery. A total of 387 (93.7%) of the 413 women reported that the fetus did not survive the labor during which fistula developed. Out of all the women, 92.3% had a vesico-vaginal fistula. The mean fistula age was 6.5 years, and surgical repair was successful in 82.9% of the cases. Conclusion:Obstructed labor remains as the most important cause of OF in Haut-Katanga. It is important to prevent OF arising from obstructive causes. The surgical treatment of OF depends upon the type, size and location of the fistula.
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