Les Programmes de candidats des provinces ont accru le rôle des provinces dans le processus de sélection des immigrants au Canada. Dans cet article, nous comparons, grâce à des données administratives, les revenus et les taux d'établissement des immigrants ayant fait leur demande grâce à un Programme de candidats des provinces (CP) et ceux des immigrants ayant utilisé un programme fédéral comparable, comme la catégorie de l'immigration économique (IE). Nos résultats montrent que les CP ont un revenu plus élevé dès leur arrivée, mais que, par la suite, l'augmentation de leurs revenus est plus faible. De plus, alors que les différences sur le plan des caractéristiques observables des deux types d'immigrants n'ont qu'un effet négligeable sur les revenus à l'arrivée, elles ont un effet plus important sur l'augmentation des revenus par la suite. Par ailleurs, les CP sont plus susceptibles que les IE de rester dans la province où ils se sont d'abord installés, et les différences sur le plan des caractéristiques observables des deux types d'immigrants expliquent dans la plupart des cas les taux d'établissement plus élevés des CP. Mots clés : Programme de candidats des provinces, revenu, taux d'établissementProvincial Nominee programs have increased the role of the provinces in selecting immigrants to Canada. We use administrative data to compare the earnings and settlement rates of Provincial Nominees (PNs) and immigrants through comparable federal programs, such as economic class immigrants (ECIs). We find that PNs experienced higher entry earnings, but slower subsequent earnings growth. While differences in observable characteristics of immigrants through the two programs played a nominal role in accounting for differences in entry earnings, they were more important in accounting for differences in subsequent earnings growth. Further, we find that PNs were more likely than ECIs to stay in the province to which they were initially destined, and that differences in observable characteristics account for most of the higher settlement rate of PNs.
To encourage more even dispersion of economic immigrants throughout Canada, the federal and various provincial governments have developed the Provincial Nominee Programs (PNPs). In this paper, we provide an overview of these programs and assess their impact on the flow of immigrants to smaller provinces, which have struggled to attract and retain skilled newcomers. We find, after controlling for provincial economic conditions, that the Nominee Programs of Manitoba, Prince Edward Island, and New Brunswick were associated with significant increases in immigration flows to these provinces. We also find that one-year retentions rates of immigrants did not decrease for any province after the introduction of the PNPs. In fact, retention rates for immigrants through Nominee Programs were higher in most provinces than for economic class immigrants arriving through the federal programs. We conclude that PNPs were effective as a means of both attracting and retaining immigrants.
We examine the wage patterns of Canadian less skilled male workers over the last quarter century by organizing workers into job entry cohorts. We find entry wages for successive cohorts declined until 1997, and then began to recover. Wage profiles steepened for cohorts entering after 1997, but not for cohorts entering in the 1980s -a period when start wages were relatively high. We argue that these patterns are consistent with a model of implicit contracts with recontracting in which a worker's current wage is determined by the best labour market conditions experienced during the current job spell.
We examine the wage patterns of Canadian less skilled male workers over the last quarter century by organizing workers into job entry cohorts. We find entry wages for successive cohorts declined until 1997, and then began to recover. Wage profiles steepened for cohorts entering after 1997, but not for cohorts entering in the 1980s -a period when start wages were relatively high. We argue that these patterns are consistent with a model of implicit contracts with recontracting in which a worker's current wage is determined by the best labour market conditions experienced during the current job spell.
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