ix .4 Obtaining Feedback and Direction 30Appendix A OCTAVE Allegro Method Guidance v1.0 31Step 1 -Establish Risk Measurement Criteria 32Step 2 -Develop an Information Asset Profile 34Step 3 -Identify Information Asset Containers 40Step 4 -Identify Areas of Concern 46Step 5 -Identify Threat Scenarios 48Step 6 -Identify Risks 53Step 7 -Analyze Risks 55Step 8 Tables Table 1: OCTAVE Timeline 2 The development, piloting, and codification of the OCTAVE Allegro method would not have been possible without the generous input, collaboration, and determination of the employees of Clark County, Nevada. The CERT Program has developed a special relationship with this organization over the past few years, and their willingness to try new methods, provide us with useful feedback, and help to refine techniques that can be used by many organizations is unparalleled. In particular, we would like to thank Michael Smith, IT Security Administrator, who has been a champion for the development and institutionalization of OCTAVE Allegro at Clark County and who has consistently strived to improve the organization's security and resiliency. We have been fortunate to work with him in a challenging and rewarding environment such as Clark County. List ofThe authors would like to thank ictQATAR and Q-CERT for their support in the refinement and transition of the OCTAVE Allegro methodology.We would also like to thank Jonathan Coleman, Visiting Scientist in the CERT Program, for his expert review and comments. As one of the original users of the OCTAVE method, Jonathan has extensive real-world knowledge that has been very valuable to us in developing OCTAVE Allegro.Last but certainly not least, the authors would like to thank Pamela Curtis, who consistently provides the SEM team with high-quality editing services and who is willing to teach us rather than to correct us. Through her work, she has had a profound effect on our writing and editing skills. AbstractThis technical report introduces the next generation of the Operationally Critical Threat, Asset, and Vulnerability Evaluation (OCTAVE) methodology, OCTAVE Allegro. OCTAVE Allegro is a methodology to streamline and optimize the process of assessing information security risks so that an organization can obtain sufficient results with a small investment in time, people, and other limited resources. It leads the organization to consider people, technology, and facilities in the context of their relationship to information and the business processes and services they support. This report highlights the design considerations and requirements for OCTAVE Allegro based on field experience with existing OCTAVE methods and provides guidance, worksheets, and examples that an organization can use to begin performing OCTAVE Allegro-based risk assessments.
Thin films of block copolymers have been used as templates and scaffolds for the fabrication of arrays of nanostructured materials. In general, a chemical modification of the film or the removal of one of the components by photodegradative methods is required to produce a nanoporous film that serves as a template or scaffold. Here, however, the preferential interaction of one of the components with a solvent is shown to produce a reconstruction of the block copolymer film that, upon drying, leads to the generation of a nanoporous template. The area density of the pores is identical to that of the original copolymer thin film. Since no chemical reactions occurr, the process is fully reversible. Upon heating the copolymer film above its glass‐transition temperature, mobility is imparted to the copolymer and the original copolymer film with oriented domains is recovered. The film reconstruction significantly simplifies the generation of nanoporous templates.
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The emergence of the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic and airborne particulate matter (PM) pollution has led to remarkably high demand for face masks. However, conventional respirators are intended for single use and made from nondegradable materials, causing serious concern for a plastic‐waste environmental crisis. Furthermore, these facemasks are weakened in humid conditions and difficult to decontaminate. Herein, a reusable, self‐sustaining, highly effective, and humidity‐resistant air filtration membrane with excellent particle‐removal efficiency is reported, based on highly controllable and stable piezoelectric electrospun poly (l‐lactic acid) (PLLA) nanofibers. The PLLA filter possesses a high filtration efficiency (>99% for PM 2.5 and >91% for PM 1.0) while providing a favorable pressure drop (≈91 Pa at normal breathing rate) for human breathing due to the piezoelectric charge naturally activated by respiration through the mask. The filter has a long, stable filtration performance and good humidity resistance, demonstrated by a minimal declination in the filtration performance of the nanofiber membrane after moisture exposure. The PLLA filter is reusable via common sterilization tools (i.e., an ultrasonic cleaning bath, autoclave, or microwave). Moreover, a prototype of a completely biodegradable PLLA nanofiber‐based facemask is fabricated and shown to decompose within 5 weeks in an accelerated degradation environment.
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