Negro 5s, reported to hold an external locus of control and to be relatively nonachievement-oriented, were told that they were engaged in a diadic experiment aimed either at changing attitudes or at "interaction." The Ss were randomly assigned to three groups with different levels of success expectancy and task reinforcement value. Number of questions asked about the experiment and the time spent examining each of three classes of magazine articles were used as measures of information-seeking behavior. Data supported the general hypotheses that internals more actively than externals seek information which they perceive as useful in environmental control and that Negroes behave in an internal, achievement-oriented manner under conditions of appropriate expectancies and reinforcement values.
Non-windfall approaches to sharing demonstrate pre-schoolers' sensitivity to merit-based distributions of resources. However, such studies have not considered (1) whether epistemic aspects of task performance, such as the relative accuracy of a co-worker, influences pre-schoolers' rates of sharing; and (2) how children's emerging social understanding may impact resource allocations in high-and low-merit situations. These issues are of theoretical importance as they may provide new information about the scope of pre-schooler's meritbased sharing behaviours. Moreover, as social understanding has been related to both increases and decreases in pre-schoolers' levels of sharing, providing a merit-based assessment of this relationship would allow for a concurrent assessment of recent conflicting findings. In this study, three-and four-year-olds (N = 131) participated in an unexpected transfer task which was followed by a resource generation picture card naming task with a reliable or unreliable (high-or low-merit) co-worker (a hand puppet). The results showed that children engage in more generous rates of sharing with a high-merit co-worker. This suggests that merit-based sharing is apparent in young children and extends to epistemic aspects of task performance. However, such sharing was constrained by a self-serving bias. Finally, we were not able to detect an effect of children's performance on the false belief task on sharing behaviours in the high-or low-merit trials, suggesting that these behaviours may not be modulated by social understanding during early childhood.
Rotter's construct of interpersonal trust and its relationship to overt behavioral trust and to self-disclosure were examined. Without employing a deceptive or competitive task, a behavioral measure of trust was devised and defined as the speed with which S initiated and completed a backward fall into the hands of a readied assistant. While scores on Rotter's Interpersonal Trust Scale were uncorrelated with those on Jourard's Self-disclosure Scale, high trusters had shorter latencies on the behavioral task. These data represent evidence of the discriminant and convergent validity of the construct and measurement of interpersonal trust. High disclosers were more apt to volunteer for the behavioral task.
The case here described is of interest in that it concerns a young man of good intelligence who presented a disorder limited to visual-gnostic functions; this is noteworthy as the majority of the cases described are elderly patients and there are usually other than visual gnostic functions involved. The case has special circumstances of additional significance. The patient had lost the sight of his right eye in infancy and he was a definite right-handed man; the damage involved the right hemisphere; this exceptional coincidence raises interesting problems of hemispheric dominance.
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