Oxide growth and hydrogen pickup have been measured for Zircaloy-4 in environments of different pH. The metal-oxide interface has been studied at high-resolution over sufficient lengths to show meaningful trends in the behaviour of the ZrO and oxygen-saturated metal layers (suboxides). It was found that suboxide width decreases rapidly at transition, then increases more slowly. The suboxide width is a constant proportion of the dioxide width prior to transition, but drops then increases after transition. Density functional theory was used to predict suboxide stability under different pressures. The behaviour of the suboxide can be explained on the assumption that the dioxide layer is the protective layer until it is bypassed by the environment percolating into the crack network. The relation between hydrogen pickup rate and the oxide behaviour suggests that hydrogen moves across the Zircaloy-4 oxide with no net charge, and that the role of the constrained environment within the cracked fossil oxide requires investigation.
MUZIC-2 was the second phase of a large international collaboration between industry and academic institutions seeking to understand the fundamental mechanisms behind aqueous corrosion and hydrogen pick-up of the zirconium alloys used for fuel cladding in Light Water Reactors. The collaboration was led by Westinghouse, and the industrial partners were: the
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