Drinking motivations among undergraduates were examined with a 76-item questionnaire administered to 640 undergraduates, (53%) female and (47%) male. The questionnaire contained four sections: sociodemographic information, alcohol use and perceived drinking norms, drinking consequences, and the Gender Role Conflict Scale (GRCS) (O'Neil et al., 1986). Findings from the canonical correlation analysis suggest undergraduate alcohol use in both sexes was best explained by same-sex, peer drinking norms. Gender role conflict and sociodemographic variables had substantially weaker associations with drinking behavior. The findings provide further theoretical support for interventions seeking to change campus drinking norms and suggest that normative feedback should be sex specific.

The lack of enthusiastic research activity among counseling professionals has been a subject of professional concern for the last 2 decades. Many graduates of counselor education programs are not connected to academic research and do not establish a research identity. Qualitative research methods have the potential for creating this connection for some students. To increase understanding of the nature and potential usefulness of this paradigm for increasing counselors' connection to academic research, the authors conducted a phenomenological study to investigate the experiences of counselor education doctoral students as they encountered qualitative research. Students' positive responses were summarized as they reflected 4 themes: worldview congruence, theory and skills congruence. research identity and professional viability, and holistic nature of perceptions and experiences.