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The tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta (L.), is a multivoltine leaf feeder that grows rapidly up to 10 g in the larval stage and has been studied since the start of the tobacco industry. The development of controlled laboratory rearing techniques (Yamamoto, 1969;Bell and Joachim, 1976) and its large size have promoted the use of this insect as a general lepidopteran representative for many biological studies. There is now an extensive accumulation of knowledge about M. sexta from field studies and from physiology and endocrine studies (Madden

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Olfactory cues and nest recognition in the solitary bee Osmia lignaria Abstract. The use of olfactory cues for nest recognition by the solitary bee Osmia lignaria is studied in a greenhouse environment. Glass tubes are provided as nesting cavities to allow the in-nest behaviour of bees to be observed. In addition, each glass tube is cut into three sections for experimental manipulation and for subsequent chemical analysis. Nesting females drag their abdomen along the tube before exiting, spiral inside the tube, and sometimes deposit fluid droplets from the tip of the abdomen. For the manipulation, the outer section, the middle section, or both sections are removed and replaced with similar clean glass tube sections, and the behaviour exhibited by test females is recorded upon arrival in front of the nesting site and inside the nesting tubes. The resulting hesitation behaviour displayed by females after treatments appears to indicate the loss of some olfactory cues used for nest recognition inside the entire nest. Chemical analysis of the depositions inside the nesting tube, as well as analysis of the cuticular lipids of the nesting bees, reveals the presence of free fatty acids, hydrocarbons and wax esters.

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