Eight cases of acquired rupture of the aortic ring in the right coronary sinus with dissection (cardioaortic fistula) into the interventricular septum and into the right ventricle have been described in stallions. It is postulated that the ruptures are due to increased blood pressure during breeding and the direction of a recoiling column of blood against an area of anatomic weakness.
This study was conducted at the University of Kentucky Biodynamics Laboratory in Lexington, KY and was partially supported by a grant from the Kentucky Chapter of the American Physical Therapy Association. Backward running (BR) is employed for conditioning and for rehabilitation in sports, orthopaedics, and neurology. Our purposes were to compare kinematics and training effects of BR to forward running (FR). Ten runners (6 males, 4 females, ages 20-34 years) were assigned to a backward running (BRG) or control (FRG) group. Subject isokinetic muscular torque production (IMTP) and biomechanics during FR and BR at 3.58 m/sec were studied at the beginning and after 8 weeks of training. Stance time was significantly shorter during BR. The peak vertical component of the ground reaction force (Fz) and Fz impulse were significantly less during BR. After training, knee extensor IMTP of the BRG increased significantly at 75 and 120 degrees /sec. We concluded that BR produced lower Fz stress than FR and improved knee extensor torque at low speeds. Backward running may be clinically useful for reducing stress to injured joints and for increasing knee extensor strength. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 1989;11(2):56-63.
There have been no recent reviews of congenital cardiac anomalies in the horse. The purpose of the present report is to summarize the available literature and record five new cases of cardiac anomalies in this species. LILLEENGENs reviewed and reported 28 cardiac anomalies in the horse. He excluded reports of acardia and persistent foramen ovale, though mentioning one case of his own of acardia in a foal. Table I summarizes the cases reviewed and described by LILLEENGEN. Cases with more than one defect are counted once for the total of 28 cases.Since LILLCENGEN'S report in 1934, O L A F S O N~ reported one case of bicuspid pulmonary valve. DRIEUX et al.3 described a case of anomalous drainage of all afferent veins into the left atrium and ventricle.LEINATI~ reported a case of reduced right ventricle with atresia of the pulmonary ostium and persistent foramen ovale. The first part of the pulmonary artery was stenotic and, then, dilated beyond the orifice of the persistent ductus arteriosus. LILLEENGEN and OTTOSONG described a case of Roltitanslry defect-an interventricular septa1 defect (defect in septum bulbi) in the front part of the front septum just beneath the aortic and pulmonary valves.Of the five new cases to be described, four were observed among approximately 2,500 autopsies performed on fetuses, foals and horses over a 4-year period. One case (Case 4) was a museum specimen.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.