BackgroundThe American Heart Association’s Strategic Impact Goal Through 2020 and Beyond recommends ≥ two 3.5-oz fish servings per week (preferably oily fish) partly to increase intake of omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). We examined the intake of total fish, fish high in omega-3 fatty acids, α-linolenic acid, EPA, and DHA in U.S. adults (19 + years) using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2003–2008.MethodsUsual intakes from foods alone and from foods plus dietary supplements were determined using the methods from the National Cancer Institute.ResultsMean usual intake of total fish and fish high in omega-3 fatty acids was 0.61 ± 0.03 and 0.15 ± 0.03 oz/day, 0.43 and 0.07 respectively. Total fish and fish high in omega-3 fatty acids median intake was 0.43 and 0.07 oz/day, respectively. Intake from foods alone for ALA, EPA and DHA was 1.5 ± 0.01 g/d, 23 ± 7 mg/d and 63 ± 2 mg/d, respectively. ALA, EPA and DHA from food only median intakes were 1.4 g/d, 18 mg/d and 50 mg/d, respectively. Intake of ALA, EPA and DHA from foods and dietary supplements was 1.6 ± 0.04 g/d, 41 ± 4 mg/d and 72 ± 4 mg/d, respectively. While intakes of fish high in omega-3 fatty acids were higher in older adults (0.13 ± 0.01 oz/d for those 19–50 yrs and 0.19 ± 0.02 oz/d for those 51+ year; p < 0.01) and in males as compared to females (0.18 ± 0.02 vs 0.13 ± 0.01 oz/d, respectively; p < 0.05), few consumed recommended levels. Males also had higher (p < 0.05) intake of EPA and DHA from foods and dietary supplements relative to females (44 ± 6 vs 39 ± 4 and 90 ± 7 vs 59 ± 4 mg/d, respectively) and older adults had higher intakes of EPA, but not DHA compared to younger adults (EPA: 34 ± 3 vs 58 ± 9, p < 0.05; DHA: 68 ± 4 vs 81 ± 6, p < 0.05).ConclusionsAs omega-3 fatty acids are deemed important from authoritative bodies, supplementation in addition to food sources may need to be considered to help U.S. adults meet recommendations.

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Sporopollenin. the tough resistant biopolymer that coats the outer walls of pollen grains, spores and related microorganisms. considered "the most resistant organic material known", accounts for the morphology and microstructure and for geological preservation of palynomorphs. The stability of sporopollenin is thus the raison d'etrc of the science of palynology. Although sporopollenin is such a unique and interesting material. very few chemical studies had been made on it until research started at the University of Bradford in the 1960's. In 1968. we discovered the relationship between the chemical nature and properties of sporopollenin and those of oxidative polymers of carotenoids, and shed some light on the chemical structure of sporopollenin. This review describes some of the chemical, biochemical and geochemical studies on sporopollenin during the last ten years.

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Significant advances have been made recently in studying the basic physico-chemical properties of the major soy storage proteins and their subunits using such techniques as differential solubility, ion exchange chromatography, gel filtration chromatography, immunoelectrophoresis, isoelectric focusing and dissociating gel electrophoresis. This paper reviews and discusses the principal findings from this work and summarizes the current status of the nomenclature of the major soy storage proteins, e.g., llS glycinin, 7S ~-cong]ycinin and ~'-conglycinin and their subunits.Day I. Oil sample (600 g) weighed in a 2-qt deep fat fryer ("Electric Multi-Fry," Northland Aluminum Prods., Minneapolis, Minnesota) was heated to 190 C in 15 min. One-hundred g of white bread ("Butternut" sandwich style),

We conclude that obese adults compared to normal weight adults have lower micronutrient intake and higher prevalence of micronutrient inadequacy.

This randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover trial assessed the lipid-altering efficacy of a dietary supplement (tablet form) providing 1.8g/day free (non-esterified) plant sterols and stanols versus placebo for 6 weeks as part of a therapeutic lifestyle changes (TLC) diet in 32 men and women with primary hypercholesterolaemia. Mean ± SE baseline (end of a 5-week TLC diet lead-in) lipid concentrations (mmol/1) were total cholesterol (TC), 5.88 ± 0.08; non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C), 4.71 ± 0.09; low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), 4.02 ± 0.08; HDL-C, 1.17 ± 0.06 and triglycerides (TGs), 1.51 ± 0.12. Differences from control in responses (plant sterol/stanol — control) were significant (p < 0.05) for LDL-C (− 4.9%), non-HDL-C (− 3.6%) and TC (− 2.8%). HDL-C and TG responses were not significantly different between treatment conditions. These results indicate that 1.8g/day free plant sterols/stanols administered in a tablet produced favourable lipoprotein lipid changes in men and women with hypercholesterolaemia.