Subjects (N = 100) created mental images of 93 animals and reported either a male or a female association for each animal. Independent variables were sex of subject and subject's visualizing ability as measured by the Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire (Marks, 1973a). Of the 93 animals, 67 were gender associated, with 54 perceived as male and 13 as female. With a few exceptions, the gender associations did not differ according to subject's sex or visualizing ability, Compared to classic interpretations of animal content as symbolic representations of male and female figures (Phillips & Smith, 1953), the present data are consistent with regard to male‐associated animals, but inconsistent with female‐associated animals.
According to previous research, the Rorschach and Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) are the most widely used personality tests in clinical practice. Our purpose is to determine their status as research instruments. Research references on the two tests were counted for each year from 1950 to 1985 in order to provide a more detailed look at the trends noted by Reynolds and Sundberg (1976) and to test the prediction by those authors that research on personality tests would decline after 1971. Results show that there was a decline between 1971 and 1975. However, the number of Rorschach references leveled off after 1975, and there was a resurgence of interest in MMPI research. Recent data suggest that both tests continue to be popular topics for published research.
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