The Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory [Laboratório Nacional de Luz Síncrotron (LNLS), Campinas, SP, Brazil] is the first commissioned synchrotron light source in the southern hemisphere. The first wiggler macromolecular crystallography beamline (MX2) at the LNLS has been recently constructed and brought into operation. Here the technical design, experimental set-up, parameters of the beamline and the first experimental results obtained at MX2 are described. The beamline operates on a 2.0 T hybrid 30-pole wiggler, and its optical layout includes collimating mirror, Si(111) double-crystal monochromator and toroidal bendable mirror. The measured flux density at the sample position at 8.7 eV reaches 4.8 x 10(11) photons s(-1) mm(-2) (100 mA)(-1). The beamline is equipped with a MarResearch Desktop Beamline Goniostat (MarDTB) and 3 x 3 MarMosaic225 CCD detector, and is controlled by a customized version of the Blu-Ice software. A description of the first X-ray diffraction data sets collected at the MX2 LNLS beamline and used for macromolecular crystal structure solution is also provided.
Abstract. The XAFS2 is a general-purpose X-ray absorption beamline. It is the second one built at the LNLS. After approximately 7 years in operation this beamline has been substantially updated in order to improve its experimental possibilities. Recently arrived, a 4-circle Huber diffractometer has been incorporated to perform combined experiments. This collects XRD patterns with the XAFS. Through the development of a new sampling environment it is now also possible to perform these measurements in situ/operando conditions. Other upgrades include a complete remodelling of the beamline software and its control system. The following new systems are crucial for the next steps that are currently underway at the beamline, namely, (i) enabling remote access for users and (ii) the testing of QEXAFS measurements. IntroductionUpon the completion, in 2007, of the commissioned works on the XAFS2 [1], a large number of users have been using this experimental facility in order to perform several kinds of experiments [2][3][4][5]. Since 2007, and with the development of combined simultaneous characterizations [6], there are a plethora of new possibilities additional to the usual XAFS experiments. Among these numerous possibilities; a combined XAFS and XRD experiment would be especially useful in order to obtain structural information of the short range order (around a selected absorber atom) and of the long range order, thus unveiling information on the material as a whole. Here one is probing different properties of the same system in a unique experiment under the same conditions, thus bridging the complex gaps in the structure. Therefore, in order to improve those abilities of the beamline, a 4-circle Huber Diffractometer was added to the experimental hutch in order to explore both techniques [7] through user demand. Here below an example of these XAFS and XRD measurements is presented. The example shows the performance of the beamline at work while combining both techniques.Importantly, the control system of the beamline has been renovated by the installation of a PXI. The PXI is from National Instruments (PXI-NI) and communicates with Galil/Parker controllers on an EPICS platform [8]. Note some parts of the motors were changed in order to improve performance with the upgrade and there were also important changes to the control hardware. The Windows
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