This paper takes up the problem of understanding why we preserve some things passionately and discard others without thought. We briefly report on the theoretical literature relating to this question, both in terms of existing literature in HCI, as well as in terms of related literatures that can advance the understanding for the HCI community. We use this reading to refine our frameworks for understanding durability in digital artifice as an issue of sustainable interaction design in HCI. Next, we report in detail on our ongoing work in collecting personal inventories of digital artifice in the home context. We relate our prior and most current personal inventories collections to the framework that owes to our reading of the theoretical literature. Finally, we summarize the theoretical implications and findings of our personal inventories work in terms of implications for the design of digital artifice in a manner that is more durable.

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We sought to refine genetic management of the endangered Whooping Crane ( Grus americana ) population by developing comprehensive genetic pedigrees for the captive population. Improvements to the studbook were accomplished by addition of pedigree information derived from leg-banding data on wild juvenile and founder similarity coefficients calculated from microsatellite DNA profiles to the original studbook pedigree. Incorporation of pedigrees derived from data on leg-banding of wild juveniles did not greatly alter the previous relatedness structure of the captive population, but incorporation of microsatellite similarity coefficients produced a substantially different view of the population structure. Microsatellite data provided new information on shared founder genotypes and provided a new DNA-based studbook pedigree that will assist in genetic management of the Whooping Crane population.Refinando el Registro Genealógico de la Grulla Americana Mediante la Incorporación de ADN Microsatélite y el Análisis de Agrupamientos Resumen: Intentamos refinar el manejo genético de la población de una especie amenazada, la Grulla Americana (Grus americana) mediante el desarrollo integral del pedigrí genético de una población cautiva. Las mejoras al registro genealógico se lograron mediante la adición de información de pedigrí derivada de datos de agrupamiento de juveniles silvestres y coeficientes de similitud de fundadores calculados a partir de perfiles de ADN microsatélite al registro genealógico original. La incorporación de pedigrí derivados del agrupamiento de datos juveniles silvestres no alteraron mucho la estructura previa de relación de la población cautiva; sin embargo, la incorporación de los coeficientes de similitud de microsatélites condujeron a una visión de la estructura poblacional substancialmente diferente. Los datos de microsatélite proveyeron información nueva sobre los genotipos fundadores y proporcionan un registro genealógico de pedigrí basado en ADN que contribuirá al manejo genético de la población de grulla americana. ‡ ‡

Escherichia coli genes specifically required for transport of iron by the siderophore enterobactin are designatedfep. The studies reported here were initiated to identify and localize the fepB product. The plasmid pCP111, which consisted of an ll-kilobase E. coli DNA fragment containingfepB ligated to pACYC184, was constructed. The fepB gene was subcloned; in the process, complementation tests and TnS mutagenesis results provided evidence for the existence of a new fep gene, fepC. The order of the transport genes in the ent gene cluster is as follows: fepA fes entF fepC fepB entE. Minicell, maxicell, and in vitro DNA-directed protein synthesizing systems were used to identify thefepB andfepC products. ThefepC polypeptide was 30,500 daltons in standard sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. The fepB gene was responsible for the appearance of three or four bands (their apparent molecular weights ranged from 31,500 to 36,500) in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels, depending on the gel system employed. The largest of these was tentatively designated proFepB, since it apparintly had a leader sequence. Localization experiments showed that FepC was a membrane constituent and that mature FepB was present in the periplasm. An additional polypeptide (X) was also encoded by the bacterial DNA of pCPI11, but its relationship to iron transport is unknown. The results indicated that fetrienterobactin uptake is mediated by a periplasmic transport system and that genes coding for outer membrane (fepA), periplasmic (fepB), and cytoplasmic membrane (fepC) components have now been identified.The endogenous high-affinity system for iron transport of the gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli utilizes the siderophore enterobactin (enterochelin) (for a review, see reference 39). Under conditions of iron deprivation, enterobactin is synthesized and released into the environment, where it binds iron; the resulting ferrienterobactin complexes are then actively transported back into the cell. The mechanism by which ferrienterobactin enters cells is not well understood and is the subject of this work.Four genes are known to produce products that influence the passage of ferrienterobactin through the cell envelope; two of the genes (tonB and exbB) have pleiotropic phenotypes, whereas the other two, fepA and fepB, seem to be specific for ferrienterobactin transport. A functional tonB gene is required for all high-affinity iron transport systems, for vitamin B12 uptake, and for sensitivity to many phages and colicins (22

Energy feedback systems, particularly residential energy feedback systems (REFS), have emerged as a key area for HCI and interaction design. However, we argue that HCI researchers, designers and others concerned with the design and evaluation of interactive systems should more strongly consider the ineffectiveness of such systems, including not only potential limitations of specific types of REFS or REFS in general but also potentially counterproductive or harmful effects of REFS. In this paper we outline research questions and issues for future work based on critical gaps in REFS research identified from (i) a review of REFS literature and (ii) findings from two qualitative studies of commercial home energy monitors.

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We have determined the role of the uvrA, uvrB, and uvrC genes in Escherichia coli cells in repairing DNA damage induced by three benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide isomers. Using the phi X174 RF DNA-E. coli transfection system, we have found that BPDE-I or BPDE-II modified phi X174 RF DNA has much lower transfectivity in uvrA, uvrB, and uvrC mutant cells compared to wild type cells. In contrast, BPDE-III modification of phi X174 RF DNA causes much less difference in transfectivity between wild type and uvr- mutant cells. Moreover, BPDE-I and -II-DNA adducts are much more genotoxic than are BPDE-III-DNA adducts. Using purified UVRA, UVRB, and UVRC proteins, we have found that these three gene products, working together, incise both BPDE-I- and BPDE-III-DNA adducts quantitatively and, more importantly, at the same rate. In general, UVRABC nuclease incises on both the 5' (six to seven nucleotides) and 3' (four nucleotides) sides of BPDE-DNA adducts with similar efficiency with few exceptions. Quantitation of the UVRABC incision bands indicates that both of these BPDE isomers have different sequence selectivities in DNA binding. These results suggest that although UVR proteins can efficiently repair both BPDE-I- and BPDE-III-DNA adducts, in vivo the uvr system is the major excision mechanism for repairing BPDE-I-DNA adducts but may play a lesser role in repairing BPDE-III-DNA adducts. It is possible the low lethality of BPDE-III-DNA adducts is due to less complete blockage of DNA replication.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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