Three experiments tested perceivers' willingness to infer population performance from their own behavior and the behavior of others as well as the impact of these consensus inferences on causal attributions. In Experiment 1, observers' population inferences and causal attributions reflected sample-based information only when random sampling techniques were assured. Actors based their causal attributions and population estimates on their own behavior and ignored samplebased information, regardless of described sampling procedures. In Experiment 2, self-attributor and other-attributor subjects inferred population performance from their own behavior. Although other-attributions were influenced by another's similar or dissimilar performance, self-attributions were not. In Experiment 3, the attribution^ impact of sample-based consensus was dramatically diminished when observers had knowledge of their own behavior. A number of hypotheses to account for the greater efficacy of self-based consensus compared to that of sample-based consensus were discussed.Recently a controversy has arisen over the information value of consensus. As conceptualized by Kelley (1967), consensus conveys information about population performance. Kelley suggested that perceivers can arrive at an attribution by comparing an actor's behavior with population performance. Researchers testing the impact of consensus on attributions, therefore, have attempted to specify information from which perceivers are willing to infer population performance. The present research focuses on two such hypothesized sources of consensus inference: sample-based consensus (Nisbett & Borgida, 1975) and self-based consensus (Heider, 1958).Nisbett and Borgida (1975) asked perceivers to make attributions for behavior depicted as a subject's performance in an experiment. The sample-based performance data that accompanied the presentation were not reflected in the perceivers' attributions. Similar findings were reported by Miller, Gillen,The authors are indebted to N.
The popular assumption that the male role, as traditionally defined in our society, is narrowly defined and that men who deviate from that role risk devaluation is reexamined. Two studies are presented which did not support the hypothesis that the adult male role is restrictive. A review of the literature relevant to the latitudes of acceptable masculine behavior is presented and a reconceptualization of the definition of the adult male role is proposed.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.