Used multiple methods and measures (i.e., youth report, psychiatric interviews, psychophysiological assessment) to investigate the emotional and behavioral impacts of exposure to community violence. Participants were 185 inner-city high school students (M age = 15.4 years; 42% female; 90% African American). Youth with high levels of community violence exposure reported more fears, anxiety, internalizing behavior, and negative life experiences than those with low exposure. No depression or externalizing behavior differences were observed. In a psychophysiological assessment in which adolescents watched a montage of media violence, youth exposed to high levels of community violence had lower baseline heart rates than those with low exposure. There were no between-group differences in physiologic reactivity. Regression analyses revealed that community violence exposure predicted posttraumatic stress and separation anxiety symptoms. The results suggest a significant link between community violence exposure and anxiety symptomatology. Clinical implications are discussed.

The photoconductivity of perylene-bisimide gelators correlates with the perylene radical anion, which is unusually highly stable in air for many hours.

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This report describes the first case of naturally acquired inhalation anthrax in the United States since 1976. The patient's clinical course included adjunctive treatment with human anthrax immunoglobulin. Clinical correlation of serologic assays for the lethal factor component of lethal toxin and anti-protective antigen immunoglobulin G are also presented.

[Mn(bpy)(CO)3Br] cast in a Nafion membrane is an active heterogeneous electrocatalyst with good selectivity for CO2 reduction to CO in neutral aqueous electrolyte. Addition of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) leads to a ∼10 fold current enhancement and stable CO : H2 yields (1 : 2) at -1.4 V vs. Ag/AgCl at pH 7.

The early mammalian embryo is patterned by signals emanating from extraembryonic and embryonic signalling centres, most notably the anterior visceral endoderm (AVE) and the node, respectively. The AVE is responsible for anterior development, whereas further axis specification depends on the node, the equivalent of Spemann's organizer. Formation of the node, at the anterior primitive streak, depends on expression of the transcription factor HNF3beta (ref. 4). However, both the source and the nature of the signals responsible for inducing the node have been unknown. Here we describe a recessive lethal mutation, arkadia, generated using gene-trap mutagenesis. Mutant embryos establish an AVE but fail to maintain anterior embryonic structures and lack a node. The mutation has disrupted the Arkadia gene, which encodes a putative intracellular protein containing a RING domain. Arkadia is essential for HNF3beta expression in the anterior primitive streak. Analysis with chimaeras, however, shows that Arkadia functions within extraembryonic tissues, revealing that these are required to induce the node. Furthermore, our experiments show that Arkadia interacts genetically with the transforming growth factor (TGF)beta-like factor Nodal, implying that Nodal mediates the function of Arkadia in node induction.

Graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN) synthesised from a urea precursor is an excellent CO reduction photocatalyst using [Co(bpy)] as a co-catalyst. A five-fold increase in activity for the highly polymerised urea derived g-CN is achieved compared to alternative precursors. Transient absorption, time-resolved and steady-state emission studies indicate that the enhanced activity is related to both an increased driving force for photoelectron transfer and a greater availability of photogenerated charges.