X-ray powder diffraction data are reported for 15 normal long-chain esters. The compounds represent all combinations of acid and alcohol where the acid portion is n-tetradecanoic, n-hexadecanoic, or n-octadecanoic acid, and the alcohol portion is n-tetradecanol, n-pentadecanol, n-hexadecanol, n-heptadecanol, or n-octadecanol. The individual compounds can be identified and distinguished by the diffraction data. Several of the esters have long spacings that are a linear function of the number of carbon atoms in the molecule and are consistent with a similar function for ethyl esters of long-chain acids. The remainder of the compounds crystallize in other polymorphic forms and therefore do not follow this function.
Vernonia anthelmintica seed oil, trivernolin, the main constituent of the oil, barium and cadmium salts of vernolic acid (epoxyoleic acid), and various combinations of the salts have been evaluated as heat and light stabilizers of plasticized poly (vinyl chloride). Evaluation was made at the 1 and 3% levels of the vernonia oil components. Transparent sheets whose color ranged from light amber to colorless were obtained after milling and molding. All compounds studied greatly improved both heat and light stability of the sheets; the 3% stabilizer level gave the better results. In general the stabilizing ability of the compounds studied increased as follows: vernonia oil
The dielectric properties of a series of longchain alkyl esters were investigated over a wide temperature range (+25C to --35C) and frequency range (0.05kc to 100kc). The series included esters of all combinations of tetradecanol, hexadecanol, and octadecanol alcohols with tetradecanoic, hexadecanoic, and octadecanoic acids. The thermodynamic parameters were calculated and related to chain length, position of ester group in the chain, and crystal structure.
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