In the normalCu/normalHCl system, when natural convection occurs, there are two steady‐state current plateaus. On the first of these false(−0.28

A least-squares criterion for the goodness of approximate wave functions is proposed. The root-mean-square energy deviation for the six-term Hylleraas function is calculated to be 3.5 volts. It is shown that no ascending power series in the variables r h r 2 and r n can be a formal solution of the Schrodinger equation.

From a study of the steady‐state and of galvanostatic transients, it is concluded, in agreement with Vetter and Weil, (i) that there exists a layer on iron when it is passive, (ii) that an electric field drives ions through this layer, and (iii) that the resistance to the flow of these ions is nonohmic. In the steady state, the thickness of this layer varies linearly with passivating potential from about 8Aå to about 68Aå. Transition from the steady passive state to the active state can occur slowly (probably by uniform thinning) for anodic current constant and less than the steady‐state value, or rapidly (probably without thinning) for cathodic currents. The results indicate that, when the system is in a nonsteady state, there is a nonzero charge distribution within the layer. Even if the steady‐state current be restored, it may take a long time for this charge distribution to relax back to the neutral steady state.

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

Anodic behavior of copper in 2N HC1 has been studied by both electrical and optical methods The temporal behavior of current and voltage have been found, as well as the current vs. voltage characteristics. The anode surface has been observed both visually and photographically with the aid of conventional microscopes, and the anolyte has been photographed cinematographically using a sehlieren microscope.When the current is turned on, a layer, probably CuC1, starts to form at random nucleation spots on the anode. This grows until the whole anode is covered, at which time the current drops abruptly. Up until this time the anolyte becomes less concentrated, but the concentration may increase again after the current has become low.The anode-calomel voltage may be written as V = e(i) + it, where e(i) becomes constant at high current densities. The values of e(i) have been found by both the interruption and the direct method, and there appear to be at least four of physical significance These values are --0.35, --0.27, -0.05, and +0.11 v.In general, the current drops twice before reaching its minimum value. If t I is the time from the make to the first drop, and if Q = ]to1 i dt, and if io is the "initial" current after the make, then empirically Q = 24(io -0.70) -0 53, where io is in ma.The anode layer is about 3 ~ thick in the steady state. When the circuit is broken, r and e change rather rapidly (in about 0.1 sec), but the layer dissolves off slowly.

No abstract