Over the past 30 years New Zealand’s system of public management has seen a number of positive changes, both systematic and incremental. That process made New Zealand a world leader in public management. Despite this, it remains difficult to gain traction on some of the most complex problems in society. Further, citizens have begun to demand more from their public service than just outputs and efficiency. In order to continue the positive trend of the previous decades, the system must evolve to appreciate the importance of outcomes and effectiveness.
Summary
The Black Rake, some 7 to 15 metres below the Clay Cross Marine Band, contains an interbedded tuffaceous siltstone over much of the Derby-Nottingham Coalfield. This siltstone is up to 38 centimetres thick and comprises forty or fifty graded layers most of which include basaltic glass shards and pumice. At most localities the bed has been dolomitized, resulting in increased thickness and better preservation of the included basaltic material. The bed is formed of fall-out dust from at least three vents centred to the east and north-east of Nottingham; its distribution suggests the influence of prevailing easterly winds. The lateral equivalents of the siltstone near the vents include basaltic tuffs and accretionary lapilli tuffs. The lithology and field relationships of all these pyroclastic rocks are matched in the Namurian and Westphalian volcanic fields of Scotland.
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