Management of invasive species, whether prevention, population reduction, or eradication, requires assessment of the invasive species' population status and an assessment of the probability of success of management options. Perceptions of a species' permanence in an environment or lack thereof frequently drives how limited time, financial, and personnel resources are allocated to such efforts. Language we use to describe a non-native species' status largely defines these perceptions and sets boundaries, real or perceived, to potential management actions. Here we discuss the use of a particular term-"established"when confronting management decisions for invasive species. Our objective is to contribute to bridging the gap between the realms of conceptual development and management with respect to use of the term "established". We find that although there are benefits of polysemy and synonymy to conceptual development they present an additional challenge to managers who must weigh the costs, benefits, and potential for success of particular management actions. We also examine how existing conceptual frameworks might be augmented to bridge the theoretical-practical gap, such as more precisely defining potential management actions and explicitly including assessment of risk.
Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) is an invasive and extremely damaging leaf-mining moth of South American origin. It is a serious pest of tomatoes. This species was first recorded outside of its native range in Spain (2006), and has subsequently spread into Asia and Africa. Here we report the first records of this species for the Republic of South Africa, where moths were first trapped in August and October 2016. The species was identified using both morphological and molecular approaches. Monitoring of the spread of tomato leaf miner in South Africa and the implementation of control measures are managed by the Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry (DAFF), South Africa.
O n 7 June 2012, BH collected an adult male Brown Basilisk (Basiliscus vittatus) at 1300 h along the walkway to the Dive Shop in John Pennekamp Coral Reef State Park, Key Largo, Monroe County, Florida (25.123942°N, -80.407310°W; datum: WGS84; elev. <1 m). Max A. Nickerson confirmed the identity of the lizard (128.1 mm SVL, 334.7 mm tail length), which was accessioned into the herpetological collection of the Florida Museum of Natural History (UF 167196).This new county record is the first Brown Basilisk recorded from the Florida Keys. King and Krakauer (1966) recorded the first Basiliscus vittatus (mislabeled as B. basiliscus;
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