In this paper, we explore the potentialities and interconnections between existing and hypothetical community energy systems and the concept of generative justice. New York State's more recent official energy plan, for instance, includes provisions for community-scale value generated by distributed renewable energy back to the community producing it.However, most currently conceived and implemented community energy systems recirculate value in very narrow and limited ways. Building upon an analysis of New York energy policy and on-the-ground cases, we explore community energy's potential. What kinds of value are being generated by community energy systems and for whom? How could such efforts be more generative of justice across a broad range of values, not just electrons and dollars? Through the attempt to broaden thinking not only about community energy systems but also the concept of generative justice, we connect technological and organizational configurations of community energy systems and the forms of value they have the potential to generate:including, the production of grassroots energy and organizational expertise, the capacity for local and personal autonomy in energy planning and decision-making, and the enhancement of an affective sense and embodied experience of community. Finally, we examine some of the barriers to realizing more generatively just community energy systems.
KEYWORDSCommunity energy; Generative Justice; reconstructivism; thick community.
RESUMENEn este artículo exploramos las posibilidades e interconexiones entre los sistemas comunitarios de energía, existentes e hipotéticos, con el concepto de la Justicia Generativa. El plan energético del Estado de Nueva York, por ejemplo, incluye disposiciones para las microrredes eléctricas, y varios países europeos proporcionan ayuda financiera a los ciudadanos interesados en la generación distribuida de electricidad. Tales esfuerzos y tecnologías parecen ofrecer posibilidades para la promoción de la Justicia Generativa: una gran parte del valor generado se devuelve a la comunidad que lo ha producido. Sin embargo, la mayoría de los sistemas comunitarios de energía puestos en práctica generan una circulación muy limitada del valor socialmente creado. A través de un análisis de la política energética de Nueva York y de otros casos concretos, examinamos el potencial de los sistemas comunitarios de energía. ¿Qué tipo de valor generan estos sistemas de energía y para quién? ¿Pueden estos sistemas "generar justicia" de formas que vayan más allá de los dólares y los electrones? Nuestra intención en este artículo es profundizar en el conocimiento de los sistemas comunitarios de energía y la Justicia Generativa. Para ello, analizamos la relación entre el carácter técnico y organizativo de estos sistemas y los tipos de valor que pueden producir, tales como: movimientos sociales de base, difusión del conocimiento técnico entre los ciudadanos, aumento de la autonomía local y personal sobre la planificación energética, y el fortalecimiento del sentid...
Stand growth and mortality were monitored for 13 years after six fertilizer treatments were applied in a 29-year-old Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) medium site quality plantation on Vancouver Island. The equivalent of 224 kg N/ha was added in either fall or spring as ammonium nitrate, urea, or urea – ammonium sulfate, which additionally supplied 56 kg S/ha. These treatments and a control were replicated three times. Foliar analyses indicated insufficient available N initially and increased available N after fertilization. Average, adjusted gross and net cubic volume growth in fertilized plots, however, did not differ from that of controls in any of the intermediate periods or in the total measurement period. This field experiment was not sensitive enough to detect real differences in 13-year growth among the seven treatments. Based on the experimental error measured in this study, seven replications would have been necessary to detect a 20% response in 13-year gross growth at the 10% confidence level; with seven replications, this 20% response would be detected in 90% of all experiments. Suggestions for improving field trials are included.
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