This study, completed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, Bureau of Topographic and Geologic Survey (T&GS), provides estimates of groundwater recharge for watersheds throughout Pennsylvania computed by use of two automated streamflow-hydrograph-analysis methods-PART and RORA. The PART computer program uses a hydrograph-separation technique to divide the streamflow hydrograph into components of direct runoff and base flow. Base flow can be a useful approximation of recharge if losses and interbasin transfers of ground water are minimal. The RORA computer program uses a recession-curve displacement technique to estimate groundwater recharge from each storm period indicated on the streamflow hydrograph. Recharge estimates were made using streamflow records collected during 1885-2001 from 197 active and inactive streamflow-gaging stations in Pennsylvania where streamflow is relatively unaffected by regulation. Estimates of mean-annual recharge in Pennsylvania computed by the use of PART ranged from 5.8 to 26.6 inches; estimates from RORA ranged from 7.7 to 29.3 inches. Estimates from the RORA program were about 2 inches greater than those derived from the PART program. Mean-monthly recharge was computed from the RORA program and was reported as a percentage of mean-annual recharge. On the basis of this analysis, the major groundwater recharge period in Pennsylvania typically is November through May; the greatest monthly recharge typically occurs in March.
10,00012,000 1 9 5 9 1 9 6 1 1 9 6 5 1 9 6 3 1 9 7 1 1 9 7 3 1 9 6 7 1 9 7 5 1 9 7 7 1 9 6 9 1 9 7 9 1 9 8 1 1 9 8 3 1 9 8 7 1 9 8 5 1 9 9 3 1 9 9 5 1 9 8 9 1 9 9 7 1 9 9 9 1 9 9 1 2 0 0 1 2 0 0 3 2 0 0 5 2 0 0 7Streamflow, in cubic feet per square mile 1 9 5 9 1 9 6 1 1 9 6 5 1 9 6 3 1 9 7 1 1 9 7 3 1 9 6 7 1 9 7 5 1 9 7 7 1 9 6 9 1 9 7 9 1 9 8 1 1 9 8 3 1 9 8 7 1 9 8 5 1 9 9 3 1 9 9 5 1 9 8 9 1 9 9 7 1 9 9 9 1 9 9 1 2 0 0 1 Cover. Estimated flow-duration curves and hydrographs generated by the Baseline Streamflow Estimator. For an overview of USGS information products, including maps, imagery, and publications, visit http://www.usgs.gov/pubprod Estimation of Baseline Daily MeanTo order this and other USGS information products, visit http://store.usgs.gov
For more information on the USGS-the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment-visit http://www.usgs.gov or call 1-888-ASK-USGS.For an overview of USGS information products, including maps, imagery, and publications, visit http://www.usgs.gov/pubprod/.Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.Although this information product, for the most part, is in the public domain, it also may contain copyrighted materials as noted in the text. Permission to reproduce copyrighted items must be secured from the copyright owner.
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