In recent years, chief information officers have begun to report exponential increases in the amounts of raw data captured and retained across the organization. Managing extreme amounts of data can be complex and challenging at a time when information is increasingly viewed as a strategic resource. Since the dominant focus of the information technology (IT) governance literature has been on how firms govern physical IT artifacts (hardware, software, networks), the goal of this study is to extend the theory of IT governance by uncovering the structures and practices used Downloaded by [New York University] at 12:10 09 June 2015 142 TAllON, RAMIREz, AND ShORT to govern information artifacts. Through detailed interviews with 37 executives in 30 organizations across 17 industries, we discover a range of structural, procedural, and relational practices used to govern information within a nomological net that includes the antecedents of these practices and their effects on firm performance. While some antecedents enable the speedy adoption of information governance, others can delay or limit the adoption of information governance practices. Once adopted, however, information governance can help to boost firm performance. By incorporating these results into an extended theory of IT governance, we note how information governance practices can unlock value from the ever-expanding mountains of data currently held within organizations.Key woRds and PhRases: big data, data growth, information artifact, information governance, information life cycle management, information management, information risk, information value, IT governance.IT [information technology] does matter, but not because of hardware or even standard commercial software. It is because the intelligent and innovative application of information solves business problems and creates customer value at high speed, low cost, and the right scale. To put it simply, it's not about the box; it's about what's inside the box. (Broadbent et al. [4, p. 10] in reply to Carr's "IT Doesn't Matter" [8]).wiTh The adVenT of whaT is colloquially TeRmed The network, computer, or information age, there is growing recognition among business and information systems (IS) executives that data, or more precisely, information, may be the only inimitable IT resource that can create a sustainable competitive advantage [27,39,48]. Industry surveys show that the volume of raw data stored in corporate data centers is doubling in size every other year, with some industries, most notably health care, doubling in size annually [25,44]. As data is transformed into information for decision making, practitioners describe how an organization's ability to realize value from its information is based, in part, on how information is governed over its life cycle [24]. Based on prior studies by Khatri and Brown [18], Kooper et al. [23], and Weber et al. [51], we define information governance as a collection of capabilities or practices for the creation, capture, valuation, storage, usage, control, access,...
Addresses f o r reprints: Professor Lloyd S . Etheredge, Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences, 202 Junijsero Serra Boulevard, Stanford, C.A. 94305, U S A .
Scientific research activity is reaching a staggering growth rate, introducing new and compounding existing challenges regarding the quality of peer-review, rise of predatory journals, and larger issues involving academic integrity and fraud stemming from the increased pressure to publish. Blockchain, a distributed ledger technology, is well-suited to address some of the challenges specific to scientific publishing. Companies including ARTiFACTS, Pluto, Orvium, and ScienceMatters-EUREKA, along with academic researchers, are exploring blockchain-based solutions to facilitate research data provenance and workflows, optimize the peer-review process, introduce better incentives, and even create new research journals and platforms utilizing blockchain. Building upon a review of these efforts, we propose a governance framework for scientific publishing based on a consortium blockchain model to create a more efficient means of navigating the publishing process. At the center of this framework is a model that adopts shared governance and validated inclusion via a Democratic Autonomous Organization (DAO). A DAO is an entity wherein the organizational rules are implemented and executed via smart contracts. The DAO will be comprised of participants of validated individuals and organizations who are publishers, editors, peer-reviewers, and citizen scientists to manage and oversee the framework. The framework also maps specifically to the publication workflow of submitting, handling, peer-review, and final editorial decision-making for scientific manuscripts. The goal of this framework is to increase transparency of scientific publishing, create a "pedigree" of a manuscript's research life cycle, and democratize the publication process while maintaining the accepted workflow common to scientific publishing by journals.
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