A novel chiral stationary phase consisting of poly-l-leucine supported on porous graphitic carbon has been shown to be effective in the separation of the enantiomers of epoxides 1-5 by chiral high performance liquid chromatography.
Purpose:
To determine whether impaired or absent stereopsis affects the ability to perform simulated microsurgical tasks.
Setting:
University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
Design:
Prospective randomized cross-over study.
Methods:
Visual acuity and stereoacuity were measured. A band-pass filter was placed over the nondominant eye to reduce stereoacuity to 150 seconds of an arc (partial stereopsis), or the nondominant eye was completely occluded (absent stereopsis). Participants completed a computerized surgical simulator task 3 times with a randomized testing order (normal stereopsis, absent stereopsis, and partial stereopsis). The task involved using forceps to grasp and position objects in the anterior chamber. Outcomes included area of ocular injury, time to task completion, and overall score.
Results:
Ocular damage area was significantly worse with partial stereopsis (P = .002) and worse still when stereopsis was absent (P < .001 for normal vs absent stereopsis and P = .005 for partial vs absent stereopsis). The median ocular damage area was 3.55 mm2 (interquartile range [IQR], 1.21-5.88 mm2) with normal stereopsis, increasing to 6.10 mm2 (IQR, 3.96-12.47 mm2) with stereopsis reduced to 150 seconds of an arc and to 9.25 mm2 (IQR, 4.93-18.70 mm2) with no stereopsis. Time taken to complete the task increased and overall score decreased as stereopsis was reduced. The overall score decreased from 53% (IQR, 22.5-82%) under normal stereopsis to 0% (IQR, 0-43.5%) with absent stereopsis.
Conclusions:
Impaired stereopsis was associated with worse microsurgical performance, which may have implications for surgical training. The absence of stereopsis resulted in worse performance than partial reduction in stereopsis.
ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Background
The purpose of this study was to determine whether impaired or absent stereopsis affects ability to perform simulated microsurgical tasks.
Methods
A prospective randomized cross‐over study including 12 medical students. Visual acuity and stereoacuity were measured for all subjects. A band pass filter was placed over the non‐dominant eye to reduce stereoacuity to 150 seconds of an arc (partial stereopsis) or the non‐dominant eye was completely occluded (absent stereopsis). Participants completed a computerized surgical simulator task three times with the order of testing randomized (normal stereopsis, absent stereopsis and partial stereopsis). The task involved forceps to grasp and position objects in the anterior chamber. Outcomes included area of ocular injury, time to task completion and overall score.
Results
Ocular damage area was significantly worse when stereopsis was impaired to 150 seconds of an arc (p = 0.002), and worse still when stereopsis was absent (p < 0.001 for normal versus absent stereopsis and p = 0.005 for impaired versus absent stereopsis). The median ocular damage area was 3.55 mm2 (IQ range 1.21 to 5.88 mm2) with normal stereopsis, increasing to 6.10 mm2 (IQ range 3.96 to 12.47 mm2) with stereopsis reduced to 150 seconds of an arc and to 9.25 mm2 (IQ range 4.93 to 18.70 mm2) with no stereopsis. Time taken to complete the task increased and overall score decreased as stereopsis was reduced. Overall score decreased from 53% (IQ range 22.5 to 82%) under normal stereopsis to 0% (0 to 43.5%) with absent stereopsis.
Conclusion
Impaired stereopsis was associated with worse microsurgical performance which may have implications for surgical training. Absence of stereopsis resulted in worse performance than partial reduction in stereopsis.
Sulfide based electrolytes have attracted a lot of interest as potential candidates to be used in All-Solid-State cells. Some of their advantages include their processability and their high ionic conductivity which can reach values similar to those of liquid electrolytes. However, they pose several safety and lifetime challenges due to their high reactivity with moisture which leads to hazardous H2S gas evolution. The amount of H2S that is released is strongly dependent on the relative humidity of the environment that the electrolyte is exposed to, as well as the form and type of sulfide electrolyte. In this presentation we will describe a custom made device that was built to measure the H2S generation at specific relative humidities. Two different types of sulfide electrolytes were studied and results were obtained by those in the form of powder, slurry or membranes.
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