In this article Ipropose that symbolic healing has a universal structure in which the healer helfis the patient particularize a general cultural mythic world and manipulate healing symbols in it. Problems currently existing in the explanation of symbolic healing are examined. The relationship between Western psychotherapy and magical healing is explained, thefirnction ofshamanic ecstasy is discussed, and symbolic healing is explained in terms ofa theory ofliving systems.T IS WIDELY ACCEPTED THAT RELIGIOUS HEALING, SHAMANISM, AND WESTERN

The alpha-tocopherol analogue 3,4-dihydro-6-hydroxy-N,N,N,2,5,7,8- heptamethyl-2H-1-benzopyran-2-ethanaminium 4-methylbenzenesulfonate (1a, MDL 73404) and its O-acetate 1b (MDL 74270) were synthesized. Compound 1a was found to be hydrophilic (log P = -0.60) and to prevent lipid autoxidation in rat brain homogenate with an IC50 of 1.7 +/- 0.9 microM. Tissue distribution studies with [14C]-1b in rats (1 mg/kg iv) showed that radioactivity accumulates in the heart (ratio 20:1 vs blood after 1 h). Infusion of 1 mg/kg per h of 1b bromide reduced infarct size by 54% in rats subjected to coronary artery occlusion for 60 min followed by reperfusion for 30 min, compared to saline-infused controls. By comparison, the tertiary amine analogue 5 was found not to accumulate in heart tissue, to be an equally effective free-radical scavenger in vitro, but to require a higher dose to reduce infarct size in rats. This shows that the cardioselectivity of compound 1 contributes to its potency in salvaging myocardial tissue in rats after ischemia and reperfusion.

While many studies have been carried out on the dynamics of the pulmonary circulation in experimental animals, few studies of this subject have been made in man until recently. With the advent of the cardiac catheter (1) it has become possible to make critical observations on the lesser circulation in health and disease.The volume of blood flowing through the pulmonary artery per unit of time is dependent upon the pressure in the pulmonary artery, the resistance to blood flow offered by the pulmonary vasculature, and the ability of the left side of the heart to handle the volume of blood which it receives. In this paper, the resting values for pulmonary blood flow, pulmonary arterial pressure, pulmonary "capillary" pressure, the pulmonary artery-pulmonary "capillary" pressure gradient, and the pulmonary arteriolar resistance are presented. In addition, the interrelationships of these various components of the pulmonary circulation as affected by increased blood flow through the lung, by elevated pressures in the pulmonary artery, and by high pressures in the pulmonary capillaries have been analyzed.

In the last three decades of the twentieth century, many people in Mexico and Central America turned to Protestantism as a new religion. The greatest increase has been in rural and Indians areas. This article shows that Protestantism in these areas is not a reaction against the Catholic Church as much as it is a reaction against traditional Indian cargo systems generating political and economic power. These people are farmers who live in tight-knitted, closed communities that dominate their lives. It has been difficult for scholars of religion to understand these cultures because the communities are closed to outsiders and many of the people speak Indian languages. Anthropologists have been more successful than historians at finding the data and discovering why the people are converting.

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