A preseason simulation rnodel for fisheries on Fraser River sockeye salmon (Oncsshynchus neska). Can. 1. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 51 : 1535-1 549.Using a preseason fishery simulation model that refines previous reconstruction models, we explored the effects of various fishing regimes on annual catch and escapement of the major stocks of Fraser River sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka). To obtain harvest rate parameters for the model, we analyzed historical fishery catches to develop a theory of fish movement through time and space. Harvest parameters were then calculated using run reconstruction techniques. The model uses a daily time step to move fish sequentially through the major fishing areas. Fishing scenarios may be examined in the preseason to aid in developing annual management plans. Inputs sf run sine, timing, and diversion rate via Johnstone Strait are used to calculate run-timing curves which are normally distributed. The proportion of sockeye migrating via the northern approach or Johnstone Strait diversion, is shown to be a major factor in the sensitivity sf fishing plans to altered input parameters. Clearly stated goals and objectives for spawning escapement and allocation of catch by stock groups are essential in the modelling process. The model permits managers to examine underlying assumptions and biological, economic, and social requirements centred on the harvest of these stocks.
The scheme is briefly described. The success of the Kielder and Bakethin reservoir fisheries is examined. The poor condition of trout in Kielder reservoir is considered in relation to physical and chemical factors including water turbidity, low nutrient levels and the location of the reservoirs.The performance of Kielder hatchery and the difficulties of collecting broodstock of Tyne origin are described.The effects of water releases from Kielder reservoir upon the salmon, Sulmo sulur L., and brown trout Sdmo lruttu L., fisheries within the River North Tyne and examined. Aspects considered include modified water temperature regimes, water chemistry and the magnitude and timing of releases for river regulation and generation of hydroelectric power.The problems associated with fish passage at Riding Mill weir, the point of water transfer to the River Wear and River Tees, are examined and the progress of inter-river transfers is described.
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