In South Sudan, cattle raiding is an enduring practice among many communities and leads by cultural norms and customs. The issue has become challenging to the development of the livestock sector in the country. For the last 5-6 years 2015 to 2020, thousands of cattle heads were stolen from the cattle camps, many life were lost during the raid, and many developmental projects were immobile. Extension in reducing cattle raiding has been seen as significant by the government, community chiefs of the rural areas, youth leaders, women, and NGOs working in the livestock sector. The improvement of the extension's role is an essential factor for reducing cattle raids among South Sudan communities. The extension can bring development opportunities, facilities, and empowerment. Accordingly, by reviewing the literature, this paper fact out which asset is necessary to reduce cattle raids. Also, the paper examines how an extension could mitigate cattle raiding through mediation. The recompenses of extension as the solution for competing cattle raids have been emphasized. The paper recommends that advisory service should have extensive training program on. on social change, building resilience through community-enhancing livelihoods, and shifting their mindsets from cattle raiding to accumulate wealth to ensure productive asset creation. The Advisory services should work as alarming tools for any expected raiding casualties in their working area.
Abstract:The purpose of this paper was to analyze the innovation system of cassava producers related to "Food, Agribusiness and Rural Markets" (FARM) project. Socioeconomic and farm characteristics and information systems of farmers covered by FARM project and farmers not covered by FARM project members were compared and the relations between these characteristics and the innovations score were analyzed. Farmers covered by FARM project and not covered had significant differences in land preparations information sources, seed information sources and fertilizers usefulness. The results indicated that the age of farmers, land preparation information score, agricultural experience, cassava yield, number of family household, number of labor in the farm, number of family workers and casual workers were positively correlated with innovation score. Innovativeness of farmers classified according to their innovation score to less innovative and innovative. The two groups were tested with age, agricultural experience, family household, family workers in the farm, access to agricultural information, access to market and marketing experience and found significant with their innovativeness. It shows that those factors were important to consider it to the innovativeness of cassava farmers in the Kajo-keji. Recommendations for further development of cassava and strong collaboration among the stakeholders, public and private institutions is needed to encourage conventional cassava farmers to adopt modern cassava farming innovations can be suggested.
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