TX 75083-3836, U.S.A., fax 01-972-952-9435. AbstractIn this paper, we compare reliability-based procedures for design of production tubing with the traditional working-stress design method. The basic approach of Working Stress Design (WSD), Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) and Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) are discussed. Load and resistance methodologies for the three approaches, and their impact on the tubing design are contrasted. The relationship between the Safety Factor (SF) used in WSD, the Load Factors (Lf) and Resistance Factors (Rf) used in LRFD, and uncertainity propragation used in QRA is illustrated. These relationships are then compared and contrasted with the determined reliability for a given design. A few illustrative examples are provided for the three different design methods. Graphs illustrating the relationship between SF and estimated design reliability allow a reliability-based interpretation of WSD, and give insight into the design reliabilities implicit in WSD. By means of such a comparison to a familiar design format, this paper aims to give the reader an understanding of, and confidence in LRFD/QRA format for the design of production tubing. The tendency of WSD to overdesign tubing from a reliability stand-point is illustrated. It is concluded that while QRA is the best approach to designing production tubing to a desired reliability, LRFD allows reliability-based design in a format that is relatively easy to apply.
SPE Members Abstract Adequate control of field running procedures for premium connections has been a dilemma for users and premium connections has been a dilemma for users and thread manufacturers alike. Extensive studies were undertaken to develop improved field running procedures and to investigate factors considered to procedures and to investigate factors considered to be major sources of field damage. The results of this work have led Mobil to develop a unique statistical approach using shoulder torque values to control field running procedures for premium connections. Through the utilization of statistical control charts and a torque monitoring system, Mobil, as an operator, has been able to establish a high level of confidence in the performance of a premium shouldered connection (PSC) run into the well. The power of this statistical approach is that it power of this statistical approach is that it provides a real time decision making tool on the rig provides a real time decision making tool on the rig during field make-up and a method for adjusting the qualification criteria due to changes in the rig environment. A torque monitoring system is the rig site device used to qualify connection make-ups. Other factors affecting the connection make-up are minimized by properly utilizing accessory equipment (i.e. properly utilizing accessory equipment (i.e. stabbing guides, alignment yokes, single joint weight compensator and calibrated make-up tongs) and by implementing controlled make-up procedures (i.e. proper cleaning and drying of the connection, doping proper cleaning and drying of the connection, doping practices and controlled make-up speed). practices and controlled make-up speed) Introduction Field running procedures for premium connections should be a continuation of a well developed quality program. The need for quality control at the rig site is often overlooked. However, a series of studies has shown that the actual performance of a premium connection is dependent performance of a premium connection is dependent upon the field running procedures utilized on the rig. Mobil has implemented a quality control program for premium connections that consists of three primary premium connections that consists of three primary aspects:Testing the connection to qualifyits performance properties. In the case of a coupled connection, the connection strength (tensile, compression and leak resistance)should approximate that of the pipebody.Development of detailed manufacturing procedures and tolerances to insure repeatability and reliability of each connection.Development of adequate field running and handling procedures to insure the performance of the connection in the well. Proper field running procedures are critical to the actual performance of any premium connection. P. 643
Beginning in August 2013, Anadarko Petroleum formed the “20A Project Initiative” for qualifying 20 ksi equipment for a Deepwater Gulf of Mexico (GoM) development. This paper will cover the systems approach used for the qualification (verification, validation and quality) of a system of components, including sub-assemblies and assemblies that are required for a 20 ksi development. The systems approach begins with the framework and management of this framework inside the overall development process. The systems approach categorizes each component by mode of operation (many pieces of equipment are used in multiple operational modes). These modes of operation are Drilling, Completions, Production and Intervention, and are the engineering systems used to manage the qualification of over 200 components to industry standards and U.S. government requirements. The functional requirements for each component are defined and vendors selected. Each component is then stewarded through a project-management process for design, verification, validation and quality. This process culminates with the integration of these components back into a system that can be qualified for use in an HPHT environment. This paper addresses the submittal to regulatory authority for approval to use the newly developed and qualified 20 ksi equipment for a deepwater GoM development. This project ends in 2019. This six-year development journey presented challenges and achieved breakthrough technologies for the industry. This journey, its organizational approach using systems engineering techniques and integration processes are presented.
Anadarko started the initial development and qualification of 20 ksi equipment in 2013 for a Gulf of Mexico (GoM) project. That journey included an analysis of using depth-adjusted working pressure of 15 ksi equipment that allowed exploration and appraisal drilling of a high-pressure GoM prospect. It continued with the goal to develop and qualify a complete set of 20 ksi equipment for a deepwater GoM high-pressure development. The scope of development and qualification of High-Pressure, High-Temperature (HPHT) equipment included: 20 ksi deepwater Mobile Offshore Drilling Unit (MODU); 20 ksi subsea Blowout Preventer (BOP); 20 ksi Completions equipment for the upper completion including a subsurface safety valve, packers, chemical injection, wireline plugs, etc.; 20 ksi Intervention equipment including a thru-riser intervention string, a Tree Tieback Tool, workstring connection and an Integrated Workover Control System (IWOCS); 20 ksi Subsea Production equipment including wellhead, tree and a High Integrity Pressure Protection System (HIPPS). Anadarko formed the ‘20A project team’ initiative in order to qualify these critical deepwater components with a Rated Working Pressure (RWP) greater than 15 ksi. This project is coming to a close in 2019, with the qualification of over 200 components and assemblies to industry standards and meeting U.S. government requirements. This six year development journey of 20 ksi equipment development and qualification presented challenges and achieved breakthrough technologies for the industry. This journey, its organizational approach using systems engineering techniques and integration processes are presented.
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