When applied in the health sector, AI-based applications raise not only ethical but legal and safety concerns, where algorithms trained on data from majority populations can generate less accurate or reliable results for minorities and other disadvantaged groups.
A fuzzy logic controller for a rotary, turbodynamic left ventricular assist system was developed to optimize the delivery of blood flow without inducing suction in the ventricle. The controller is based on the pulsatility in blood flow through the pump and assumes that the natural heart is still able to produce some pumping action. To avoid the use of flow transducers, which are not reliable for long term use, the controller estimates flow using a model of the assist device. The controller was tested in computer simulation, a mock circulatory system, and in animal experiments. Simulation studies suggest that the fuzzy logic controller is more robust to parameter changes than a traditional proportional-integral (PI) controller. Experimental results in animals showed that the controller is able to provide satisfactory flows at adequate perfusion pressures while avoiding suction in the left ventricle.Index Terms-Flow estimate, flow pulsatility, fuzzy control, rotary heart pump control, ventricular assist device.
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Among the medical device therapies for end-stage heart disease are ventricular assist devices that work in conjunction with a diseased heart. The control of ventricular assist devices (VADs) is an intriguing and challenging engineering problem due t o the complexity of the combined cardiovascular/VAD "plant," and the importance of reliable and high-performance control algcrithms. In this paper we present an overview of control architecture issues in cardiac assist systems relating to actuator and sensor placements.
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