An important aspect in visualization design is the connection between what a designer does and the decisions the designer makes. Existing design process models, however, do not explicitly link back to models for visualization design decisions. We bridge this gap by introducing the design activity framework, a process model that explicitly connects to the nested model, a well-known visualization design decision model. The framework includes four overlapping activities that characterize the design process, with each activity explicating outcomes related to the nested model. Additionally, we describe and characterize a list of exemplar methods and how they overlap among these activities. The design activity framework is the result of reflective discussions from a collaboration on a visualization redesign project, the details of which we describe to ground the framework in a real-world design process. Lastly, from this redesign project we provide several research outcomes in the domain of cybersecurity, including an extended data abstraction and rich opportunities for future visualization research.
Objective
The purpose of this study was to evaluate ICU nurses’ ability to detect patient change using an integrated graphical information display (IGID) versus a conventional tabular ICU patient information display (i.e. electronic chart).
Design
Using participants from two different sites, we conducted a repeated measures simulator-based experiment to assess ICU nurses’ ability to detect abnormal patient variables using a novel IGID versus a conventional tabular information display. Patient scenarios and display presentations were fully counterbalanced.
Measurements
We measured percent correct detection of abnormal patient variables, nurses’ perceived workload (NASA-TLX), and display usability ratings.
Results
32 ICU nurses (87% female, median age of 29 years, and median ICU experience of 2.5 years) using the IGID detected more abnormal variables compared to the tabular display [F (1,119)=13.0, p < 0.05]. There was a significant main effect of site [F (1, 119)=14.2], with development site participants doing better. There were no significant differences in nurses’ perceived workload. The IGID display was rated as more usable than the conventional display, [F (1, 60)=31.7].
Conclusion
Overall, nurses reported more important physiological information with the novel IGID than tabular display. Moreover, the finding of site differences may reflect local influences in work practice and involvement in iterative display design methodology. Information displays developed using user-centered design should accommodate the full diversity of the intended user population across use sites.
A b s h c tinformation and minimize any mental transformations that w e present a novel Paradigm for visual correlation of network alerts from disparate logs. This paradigm facilitates and promotes situational awareness in complex network enmust be applied to the data. O u r goal is t o enable the users to quickly decide how pervasive and how severe problems vironments. Our approach is based on the notion that, by definition, a n alert must posses three attributes, namely: What, When, and Where. This fundamental premise, which WO term w 3 , provides a vehicle for comparing between seemingly disparate events. We propose a concise and scalable representation of these three attributes, that leads to a flexible visualisation tool that is also clear and intuitive t o use.Within our system, alerts can be grouped and viewed hierarchically with respect to both their type, i.e., the What, and t o their Where attributes. Further understanding is gained by displaying the temporal distribution of alerts to reveal complex attack trends. Finally, w e propose a set of visual metaphor extensions that augment the proposed paradigm and enhance users' situational awareness. These metaphors direct the attention of users t o many-t-one correlations within the current display helping them detect abnormal network activity.
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