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In this paper an intervening opportunities model with spatial dominance is developed. The usual assumption in spatial theory is that decision makers are in¯uenced not just by the size of a destination or distance but by these two factors in combination, that is, spatial dominance. Decision-makers will have more knowledge about, and clearly perceive destinations that exert the greatest amount of spatial dominance on their origins, just as they would primate cities. Thus destinations are ranked in terms of the spatial dominance calculated for each destination. Empirical veri®cation of the model utilizes state-to-state migration¯ow data for the US. Calibration results compare favourably with the traditional intervening opportunities model and the production constrained gravity model.

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This paper identities a concept of structural spatial interaction. Although it is defined differently from its counterpart of structural unemployment in economics, it attempts to define a s i d a r idea. In economics, the focus is on equilibrium in the supply and demand of labor. In this paper structural interaction is that which minimizes aggregate distance travelled, subject to constraints on origins and destinations. The structural interaction model produces an equilibrium, therefore, in the supply and demand of movers, while identifymg a spatially efticient trip distribution. It is portrayed as a type of relaxed interaction model and is illustrated using an example of structural migration with Canadian interprovincial migration data. Key Words: spatial interaction model, structural interaction, relaxed interaction models, population migration, structural migration. 'The support of the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada research grant #410-87-1373 is acknowledged gratefully, as are the helpful comments of the referees.