Radiocarbon dating of charcoal on podzols along a transect reaching 280 kilometers north of the present tree line from Ennadai Lake indicates that former forests were burnt about 3500 years ago and again about 900 years ago. These forests probably were associated with periods of relatively mild climate.

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The morphology of paleosols and radiocarbon-dated charcoal from buried surface horizons of soils provide evidence to suggest that between periods of northward forest encroachment tundra climate has dominated areas at least 50 km south of the present forest/tundra border in southwest Keewatin. The present forest/tundra border climate is nearly as severe as any climate that has prevailed in the area since deglaciation.

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