Communkation devices and network techniques are amblmd In 8 r d b system under development to srrtlsfy d e t y critical, operational requirements for train loeation urd control La railroad 8ml transit applications. Spread spectrum ndbs, W k d on-board trains, at waysk time dotted network enabling loe8tbn determinatbn In con-]unction with relhbk transfer d control idonnatlon. berrh&, d at C O l l h d stptbng ptdC@te In 8 Sy~chronoug I. INTRODUCllONCongestion in our contemporary urban traffic ways has resulted in significant losses in productivity and major increases in vehicle pollution emissions. For example, traffic delays in Texas cost the traveling public an estimated five billion dollars a year. Similarly, the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments designated many metropolitan areas, such as Los Angeles and Houston, as non-attainment areas [l].Such congestion and its attendant costs can be reduced by both improvements in traffic management and changes to alternative modes of transportation thus yielding a balanced and automated intermodal transportation system [2,3].In this context, advanced public transportation systems must increase capacity over existing infrastructure without sacrifcing reliability ar safety. Improving the effectiveness of a rail mass transit system means minimizing the intervals Mween two successive consists (trains) on the same track. *Minimal Consauction -Wayside Installation Docc Station Equipmat Insullation Limited to Back Room -Retrofit of Vchick Equipment Can Be Combined with Scheduled MaintenanceFigure 1. System Elements. Oakland, CA 94607 USA Inherent in this control process is the accurate, real-time position location of all consists under conditions with high ambient interference. To satisfy these resolution requirements, conventional detection and signalling methods require placement of sensors and communication devices at short intervals along the tracks resulting in expensive installation and maintenance costs. This p a p presents an adaptation of military vehicle location and communication technology to the problem of real-time train tracking andconml. High resolution position determination and reliable transfer of command information can be achieved along elevated, at-grade, and in-tunnel tracks using spread spectrum radios placed at quarter mile to one mile intervals. This integrated cooperative ranging and communications apprwch can replace or complement existing train signalling approaches as illustrated in Figure 1. TRAIN CONTROL ARCHFECTURERailroad and public transit control systems in general and BART in particular are based on a distributed control architecture in which the entire transportation corridor is divided into control areas. Within each control area, a local conml station independently both directs all routine train movements and is responsible for insuring system safety.Each control station performs a series of hand shakes with its neighbors before allowing a train to enter or leave the adjacent control area.The primary purpose of the central control center is to ...
The Enhanced Position Location Reporting System (EPLRS) maintains all of the basic PLRS capabilities of locating and tracking large communities of user units while adding to the system's functionality by greatly increasing the user-to-user data communications. The communications range is extended through the use of adaptive routing techniques.
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