Education involving digital technology is the latest transformation of the education system, especially during the occurrence of the COVID-19 pandemic. The Malaysian Ministry of Education (MOE) has taken the initiative to spearhead efforts to develop the skills and potential of students in the use of digital technology. The main purpose of this study was to identify the level of digital leadership displayed by principals, the level of teachers' digital teaching practices and the elements of principals' digital leadership that predict the level of teachers' digital teaching. About 400 secondary school teachers in Hulu Langat District, Selangor were involved in this study. The findings of this study show that the level of digital leadership displayed by principals and teachers' digital teaching practice are both at a high level. However, the positive correlation between the two is moderate. Multiple regression found that only digital citizenship is a strong predictor of teachers' digital teaching. The findings show that the ability to plan and organize digital leadership programs is important and can help improve students' academic performance, despite the COVID-19 pandemic crisis.
The reformation of education has moved towards the fourth industrial revolution (IR 4.0). The development of a nation focuses on the quality of education. Education is seen as a panacea to solve issues relating to human capital development. In Malaysia, human capital development is much emphasized, as a successful human capital development will gear the nation towards being a developed country. Malaysia aims to be one of the developed countries with the aspiration that the human capital will drive the aspiration to be successful. However, there are issues arousing from human capital, where education is said to be the main cause of these issues. Limited research focuses on the issues in human capital development. Thus, this paper aims to discuss the educational theories and issues related to human capital development. The macro, micro and human capital theories are among the important theories to be looked into as they help in guiding the education towards its aim. The issues related to the human capital are a lack of 21st-century skills, a decline in English language proficiency and deteriorating moral and ethical values in employees. Implications and recommendations are also provided to curb those issues. Overall, these educational issues need to be addressed and inhibited for a smooth journey towards being a developed country.
Guru Penolong Kanan Kokurikulum (GPKKo) merupakan individu yang bertanggungjawab dalam mengurus dan memimpin serta berkait langsung dengan pelaksanaan dan kegiatan kokurikulum. Justeru, GPKKo perlu mempengaruhi dan meningkatkan potensi dan efikasi guru dalam melaksanakan aktiviti kokurikulum. Artikel ini bertujuan meninjau amalan kepimpinan transformasional GPKKo dan hubungannya dengan efikasi guru dalam melaksanakan aktiviti kokurikulum di sekolah menengah daerah Sabak Bernam. Kajian ini berbentuk kuantitatif deskriptif dan inferensi dengan menggunakan instrumen soal selidik yang telah diuji kesahan dan kebolehpercayaannya dan menggunakan perisian Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) versi 20.0. Artikel ini akan membincangkan empat dimensi kepimpinan transformasional GPKKO yang berfokus kepada memupuk pengaruh yang ideal, motivasi berinspirasi, membina ransangan intelek, serta pertimbangan berasaskan individu dan tiga dimensi efikasi guru iaitu strategi pengajaran, pengurusan bilik darjah dan penglibatan pelajar berdasarkan 140 responden yang terdiri daripada guru-guru di lima buah sekolah menengah yang terpilih di daerah Sabak Bernam. Dapatan kajian mendapati amalan kepimpinan transformasional GPKKo di daerah Sabak Bernam adalah pada tahap yang tinggi (min=3.8878, sp=.61967). Kajian juga mendapati bahawa guru-guru di daerah Sabak Bernam mempunyai tahap efikasi yang tinggi (min=4.0740, sp=.47861) dalam melaksanakan aktiviti kokurikulum. Hasil dapatan ujian Korelasi Pearson pula menunjukkan terdapat hubungan yang sederhana, signifikan dan positif (r=0.473, p<0.01) antara amalan Kepimpinan Transformasional GPKKO dan efikasi guru. Implikasi hasil daripada dapatan ini menjadi panduan kepada GPKKo dalam menambah baik amalan kepimpinan agar tahap efikasi guru dalam melaksanakan aktiviti kokurikulum dapat dipertingkatkan. Kesimpulannya, amalan kepimpinan GPKKo mempengaruhi tahap efikasi guru dan keduanya saling berhubungan dalam pelaksanaan aktiviti kokurikulum di sekolah.
An experiment to assess the effects of instruction in a knowledge mapping technique on students' learning performance in Economics was conducted in four secondary schools in the State of Selangor, Malaysia. Instruction in a note-taking technique served as a control condition, and a pre-test-post-test design was utilised. The study involved 135 Sixth-Form Economics students (24 males and 111 females) and four Economics teachers. The effectiveness of the technique was assessed by four types of assessment tests, and the tests were developed on the basis of Bloom's taxonomy of educational objectives for the cognitive domain (Bloom, 1956), and followed the procedure suggested by Gronlund (1982). It was hypothesised that the knowledge mapping technique would assist students to perform better in the performance tests in comparison with the control group using the note-taking technique. The influences of gender, ethnicity, cognitive style and learners' characteristics were also assessed. Furthermore, the research also investigated the effects of the technique on measures of students' self-efficacy beliefs and cognitive effort investment.
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