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India is one of the fastest developing countries in the world. To sustain this growth, energy and electricity demands will increase. In 2015, of the 1337 TWh produced, 916 TWh were from fossil fuels. We prepared several models of electricity demand from 2015 to 2030, based on publicly available datasets and trends. Models were tested on data from previous years and adjusted accordingly. From several scenarios, we decided to introduce two possibilities, i.e., a scenario using high energy savings in all sectors, and a scenario counting on a high industrial growth not supported by an equal increase of electricity savings. For both cases we prepared models for extreme situations: (1) where coal- and lignite-based power plants are preferred after slow-down of a renewable energy boom, and (2) with high utilization of renewable energy supported by natural gas and nuclear energy. With GDP and population increasing at the same rate as in previous years, the unambiguous result in all scenarios is a 2 to 3-fold increase of the electricity demand by 2030. On the electricity production side, all scenarios stress the role of coal, renewables and nuclear sources. Both energy and climate policies should be prepared for such a development in advance.

The degree of coalification is an essential parameter influencing the quality of coal reserves. Modelling of the development of this parameter in the Czech part of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin (Carboniferous, Mississippian to Pennsylvanian -Lower Namurian to Westphalian A) revealed the distribution of coalification within the basin in all its stratal units. The grade of coalification was found in principle to be similar but its intensity in general decreases upwards into the hanging wall. Because of different areal extents of individual stratal units the degree of coalification is demonstrated on the oldest and areally most extensive unit -the Petřkovice Member. The studies and their results presented in this paper are based on more than 29,000 analyses of the dry and ash-free volatile matter (V daf ) in coal samples from surface and underground boreholes drilled in the years 1946 -2000. Three zones of enhanced coalification were distinguished: the Ostrava-Příbor Zone, the Rožnov-Frenštát Zone and the Příbor-Těšín Zone. These zones were found to correlate fairly well with the occurrence of gas deposits confined to the weathered Carboniferous rock massif or its mantle. Consequently, the degree of coalification does not only determine the quality of coal reserves but may also be used as an auxiliary tool in the search for gas deposits in coal basins.

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